Introduction: Lay Participation in the History of Scientific Observation

Vetter, Jeremy

doi:10.1017/s0269889711000032

Cited by 53 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Prior to the professionalization of science in the late 19th century, nearly all scientific research was conducted by amateurs – that is, by people who were not paid as scientists (Vetter 2011a). These individuals were largely pursuing research because of an innate interest in particular topics or questions (Porter 1978).…”

Section: Deep Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

The history of public participation in ecological research

Miller‐Rushing

Primack

Bonney

2012

Frontiers in Ecol & Environ

453

327

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Section: Deep Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

The history of public participation in ecological research

Miller‐Rushing

Primack

Bonney

2012

Frontiers in Ecol & Environ

453

327

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“…Amateur science has a long history, but for most of the last century amateur scientists labored in obscurity, without public recognition as a source of scientific knowledge (Vetter 2011). However, "Around 1980…extramural science suddenly experienced a dramatic resurgence in visibility in corporate, national, and international policy" (Lave 2012, 26).…”

Section: Explanationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Citizen Science: Probing the Virtues and Contexts of Participatory Research

2016

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Citizen science is an increasingly popular activity, from bird counts to amateur water sample collection to air quality monitoring. Researchers and theorists in the field of science and technology studies (STS) have typically applauded these efforts because they make science more participatory, providing an example of the democratization of science, or, at least, more equitable engagement between experts and the lay public. However, a broader review of the literature on citizen science suggests that participation is but one of many virtues that practitioners and observers find in the practices of citizen science. This literature review makes two interventions. First, we discuss the dimensions of citizen science that do not easily fit in a typology or spectrum of participatory practices. We identify seven different virtues claimed of citizen science: increasing scientific data; increasing citizens' scientific literacy and awareness; building community capacity for environmental protection; building more equal relationship between scientists and citizens; filling knowledge gaps and challenging official accounts; driving policy change; and catching polluters. Second, we consider the social and political contexts that often create contradictory situations or dilemmas for citizen scientists. Going forward, a robust framework for the analysis of citizen science would not only address the ways scientific data is collected and put to a particular use, but also situate the project in relation to broader structural forces of scientization, neocolonialism, globalization, and neoliberalization.

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“…These commitments build on the rich history of partnership between traditional powerholders (eg, government officials, scientific, or health professionals) and the intended beneficiaries of programs and services to better understand and address key issues facing communities. 5,6 Community-oriented approaches to conducting health research emerged from seminal movements such as the use of "action research," developed by Kurt Lewin in the 1940s, and its derivatives: participatory action research and community-based participatory research. These approaches were critical in advancing the role of patients and communities from "subjects" or "objects" of research to empowered "co-experts" throughout the research process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The PCORI Engagement Rubric: Promising Practices for Partnering in Research

et al. 2017

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PURPOSE Engaging patients, caregivers, and other health care stakeholders as partners in planning, conducting, and disseminating research is a promising way to improve clinical decision making and outcomes. Many researchers, patients, and other stakeholders, however, lack clarity about when and how to engage as partners within the clinical research process. To address the need for guidance on creating meaningful stakeholder partnerships in patient-centered clinical comparative effectiveness research, the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI) developed the PCORI Engagement Rubric (Rubric).METHODS PCORI developed the Rubric drawing from a synthesis of the literature, a qualitative study with patients, a targeted review of engagement plans from PCORI-funded project applications, and a moderated discussion and review with PCORI's Advisory Panel on Patient Engagement. RESULTSThe Rubric provides a framework for operationalizing engagement to incorporate patients and other stakeholders in all phases of research. It includes: principles of engagement; definitions of stakeholder types; key considerations for planning, conducting, and disseminating engaged research; potential engagement activities; and examples of promising practices from PCORI-funded projects.CONCLUSIONS PCORI designed the Rubric to illustrate opportunities for engagement to researchers interested in applying for PCORI funding and to patients and other stakeholders interested in greater involvement in research. By encouraging PCORI applicants, awardees, and others to apply the rubric, PCORI hopes to shift the research paradigm from one of conducting research on patients as subjects to a pursuit carried out in collaboration with patients and other stakeholders to better reflect the values, preferences, and outcomes that matter to the patient community. Ann Fam Med 2017;15:165-170. https://doi.org/10.1370/afm.2042. INTRODUCTIONE ngaging patients and other stakeholders as partners in research increasingly is recognized as a promising approach to generate evidence that is trusted, meaningful, and useful to clinicians, patients, and their families when making health care decisions. The evidence base for stakeholder engagement in clinical research is growing; it shows that engagement is associated with increased recruitment and retention of study populations; more patient-centered and culturally appropriate methods; and greater relevance of research questions and outcome measures. PCORI is deeply committed to patientcenteredness and patient, caregiver, and other stakeholder engagement as organizing principles guiding its governance and operations. These commitments build on the rich history of partnership between traditional powerholders (eg, government officials, scientific, or health professionals) and the intended beneficiaries of programs and services to better understand and address key issues facing communities. 5,6 Community-oriented approaches to conducting health research emerged from seminal movements such as the use of "action...

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Introduction: Lay Participation in the History of Scientific Observation

Cited by 53 publications

References 61 publications

The history of public participation in ecological research

The history of public participation in ecological research

Citizen Science: Probing the Virtues and Contexts of Participatory Research

The PCORI Engagement Rubric: Promising Practices for Partnering in Research

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