“…In a 2016 themed issue of the journal of visual culture devoted to architecture, editors Jae Emerling and Ronna Gardner propose that contemporary architecture has failed to address ‘the full complex of issues engaged by visual culture studies’ (Emerling and Gardner, 2016: 296). Martino Stierli (2016: 313, 314), in his contribution to this issue, considers ‘how a building serves as an apparatus for the production and display of an image’, and places the emergence of architecture as the art of space in the late 19th century, a period during which, he notes, ‘psychology, theories of perception and empathy theory became driving forces in art history’.…”