Introduction: Global Migration in the Twenty-First Century

Karraker, Meg Wilkes

doi:10.1057/9781137296962_1

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…This differential reporting, in conjunction with possibilities of a "healthy immigrant" effect (at least for the first generation) (165)(166)(167), points to the perils of ignoring nativity when assessing the impact of any kind of discrimination and health. This latter concern is of global relevance, in light of rising anti-immigrant discrimination in many countries across the world, variously construed in ethnic and religious terms (167,168).…”

Section: Embodying Exposure To Multiple Types Of Discriminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discrimination and Health Inequities

Krieger¹

2014

Int J Health Serv

689

511

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In 1999, only 20 studies in the public health literature employed instruments to measure self-reported experiences of discrimination. Fifteen years later, the number of empirical investigations on discrimination and health easily exceeds 500, with these studies increasingly global in scope and focused on major types of discrimination variously involving race/ethnicity, indigenous status, immigrant status, gender, sexuality, disability, and age, separately and in combination. And yet, as I also document, even as the number of investigations has dramatically expanded, the scope remains narrow: studies remain focused primarily on interpersonal discrimination, and scant research investigates the health impacts of structural discrimination, a gap consonant with the limited epidemiologic research on political systems and population health. Accordingly, to help advance the state of the field, this updated review article: (a) briefly reviews definitions of discrimination, illustrated with examples from the United States; (b) discusses theoretical insights useful for conceptualizing how discrimination can become embodied and produce health inequities, including via distortion of scientific knowledge; (c) concisely summarizes extant evidence--both robust and inconsistent--linking discrimination and health; and (d) addresses several key methodological controversies and challenges, including the need for careful attention to domains, pathways, level, and spatiotemporal scale, in historical context.

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Section: Embodying Exposure To Multiple Types Of Discriminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discrimination and Health Inequities

Krieger¹

2014

Int J Health Serv

689

511

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“…Discrimination has been described as “a socially structured and sanctioned phenomenon, justified by ideology and expressed in interactions between individuals and institutions, that preserves privileges for dominant groups at the cost of deprivation for others” [ 1 ]. There are many types of discrimination due to age, disability, gender, nationality, race, ethnicity, religion, and others, and immigrants usually suffer one or more of these types of discrimination [ 2 ]. Several studies and reviews, mainly focused on the USA, have shown that discrimination harms immigrants’ health [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceived Discrimination and Health among Immigrants in Europe According to National Integration Policies

Borrell

Palència²,

Bartoll

et al. 2015

IJERPH

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Background: Discrimination harms immigrants’ health. The objective of this study was to analyze the association between perceived discrimination and health outcomes among first and second generation immigrants from low-income countries living in Europe, while accounting for sex and the national policy on immigration. Methods: Cross-sectional study including immigrants from low-income countries aged ≥15 years in 18 European countries (European Social Survey, 2012) (sample of 1271 men and 1335 women). The dependent variables were self-reported health, symptoms of depression, and limitation of activity. The independent variables were perceived group discrimination, immigrant background and national immigrant integration policy. We tested for association between perceived group discrimination and health outcomes by fitting robust Poisson regression models. Results: We only observed significant associations between perceived group discrimination and health outcomes in first generation immigrants. For example, depression was associated with discrimination among both men and women (Prevalence Ratio-, 1.55 (95% CI: 1.16–2.07) and 1.47 (95% CI: 1.15–1.89) in the multivariate model, respectively), and mainly in countries with assimilationist immigrant integration policies. Conclusion: Perceived group discrimination is associated with poor health outcomes in first generation immigrants from low-income countries who live in European countries, but not among their descendants. These associations are more important in assimilationist countries.

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“…Various implicit and explicit intra-family exchanges, such as remittances are thus integral to migration, not unintended by-products of it". Hence, while the economic impacts are important, remittances serve to preserve links between migrants and those at home (Karraker, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Honouring the Dual Commitment: Remittance Strategies of Ghanaian Migrants in Amsterdam

Nzama¹,

Maharaj

2014

MET

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This paper seeks to understand the rationale behind the practice of remittances and to examine its impact on the living standards and conditions of Ghanaian remitters living in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. This study investigates how remitters are able to sustain their lifestyles in a foreign country, and the sacrifices and compromises made in terms of their dual commitment to support families in Ghana and in the Netherlands. A qualitative approach using in-depth interviews was adopted in order to give research participants an opportunity to talk broadly about their lived experiences as Ghanaians residing in a foreign country and the challenges associated with sending remittances. Push factors such as political unrest, poverty, low income, and unemployment influenced movement out of Ghana. A better quality of life (better paying jobs, improved qualifications) was the major pull factor that attracted migrants to the Netherlands. Remittances from migrants in the Netherlands supported the welfare of many households in Ghana, especially in terms of improved standards of living and better access to health care and education. Sending remittances is not "a feel good gesture" only, but an obligation to the family members back in Ghana. This study shows that there were major compromises and trade-offs in terms of migrant lifestyles because of their dual commitments.

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Introduction: Global Migration in the Twenty-First Century

Cited by 3 publications

References 12 publications

Discrimination and Health Inequities

Discrimination and Health Inequities

Perceived Discrimination and Health among Immigrants in Europe According to National Integration Policies

Honouring the Dual Commitment: Remittance Strategies of Ghanaian Migrants in Amsterdam

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