“…While this has resulted in the beautification of the Japanese language (e.g., Bandō, 2009;Saitō, 2001), it has also led to intolerance of nonstandard language use amongst NSJs as demonstrated by the expulsion of regional dialects (e.g., Fujimoto, 1980) and the rigid correctness of the Japanese language, especially for NNSJs. The Japanese language situation is far different from that of the English, which is often acknowledged as a global language (e.g., Crystal, 2003), and has evolved into many varieties of world Englishes (e.g., Melchers & Shaw, 2011), and global Englishes which "represents the diversifying nature of Englishes used worldwide" (Murata & Jenkins, 2009). …”