Introduction: From the Emergence to the Dynamics of Welfare Markets

Ledoux, Clémence; Shire, Karen; Hooren, Franca van

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-56623-4_1

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…In the field of LTC, there is extensive literature which stresses marketisation and privatisation trends in public LTC systems since the 1990s (eg. Ledoux, Shire, & van Hooren, 2021; Ranci & Pavolini, 2015; Theobald et al, 2018). This could hasten a growing role for private for-profit actors in SLTCI service provision or regulation, eg.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The social long-term care insurance model: comparing actor configurations across countries and time

Fischer

2022

J. int. comp. soc. policy

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To date, social long-term care insurance (SLTCI) systems have been introduced in six countries globally: the Netherlands, Israel, Germany, Japan, Luxembourg and South Korea. Applying an actor-centred, multi-dimensional framework and fuzzy-set analysis, the present article investigates the typical characteristics and variations of these SLTCI schemes at introduction and today. In short, we find that the SLTCI model features dominant social contribution financing, a mix of for- and non-profit providers, and state regulation. In light of the relevance of corporate self-regulation often associated with social insurance systems, the dominance of state regulation is unexpected. The analysis also reveals considerable variance between cases, most notably concerning the extent of private individual actors’ involvement. While geographical proximity of countries does not explain differences between SLTCI systems, “temporal clusters” seem to partly drive the variation of SLTCI actor configurations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The social long-term care insurance model: comparing actor configurations across countries and time

Fischer

2022

J. int. comp. soc. policy

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“…These had existed since the 1950s, but they were made available to all households only in 1991. Tax reductions could be received for the costs of purchasing care/household services or for employing a care/ domestic worker (Ledoux et al, 2021a(Ledoux et al, , 2021b. The amount of these tax breaks was increased incrementally.…”

Section: Francementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The introduction of the APA together with the tax breaks led to the emergence and rapid growth of private for-profit home care providers, employing 26.7% of home care workers in 2018 (Ledoux et al, 2021a(Ledoux et al, , 2021b, while the share of public and non-profit providers fell to under 45%. In institutional care homes, the same process of marketization took place.…”

Section: Francementioning

confidence: 99%

The limits of social investment and the resilience of long-term care

Hooren

Ledoux

2023

European Journal of Social Security

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This article investigates the extent to which a social investment paradigm has guided policy reforms in long-term care for the elderly in France and the Netherlands and how this relates to the resilience of the sector during the Covid-19 pandemic. It conceptualizes the theoretical impact of social investment on long-term care policy and analyzes its use to justify reforms since the early 2000s. It concludes that social investment has not played any role in Dutch long-term care reforms and a moderate role in France. Meanwhile, in both countries a neoliberal emphasis on the efficiency of the market has contributed to a rise in for-profit service provision and fragmentation of the long-term care sector. While long-term care provision in both countries proved relatively resilient in the first phase of the pandemic, at a later stage its resilience was undermined by fragmentation and marketization, limiting the government's ability to respond adequately to new challenges and, crucially, to improve working conditions in the sector. The article concludes that a social investment approach cannot resolve these problems and that there is a need for a new paradigm that acknowledges the inherent value of care work and prioritizes the long-term sustainability of care provision.

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“…The regulatory instrument in welfare markets organised by the state (Ledoux et al, 2021) can help create and regulate the market (Gingrich, 2011;Pieper, 2018). It is not very helpful to ask whether, in theory, one model is superior to another, but it is essential to consider the current contents and prerequisites of each system.…”

Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This article examines whether the prerequisites for private-led Korean LTC provision, based on choice and competition, have been satisfied. Considering that welfare markets are bound to be shaped through regulatory activities (Ledoux et al, 2021), it is necessary to investigate the limitations of the current approach of regulation accumulation to solve the various problems associated with for-profit provision. Some studies, such as Kwon (2014) and Seok (2017), focus on service quality and public accountability under marketised LTC provision, but they do not examine the prerequisites for the operation of such private systems or the resulting structural limitations if the prerequisites are not met.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconciling for-profit social service provision with a regulatory framework: Korean long-term care

Jung

Walker

Yongpil

2023

International Journal of Care and Caring

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Korean long-term care was introduced as a national system aimed at a rapid transformation from informal care to universal formal care based on choice and competition. However, it failed to satisfy the prerequisites for such a market model, which resulted in various equity problems. In order to tackle these problems, the government superimposed a regulatory framework on to the market. However, in a situation where providers concentrate on profit maximisation, the enhancement of regulations may partially tackle some problems but new ones are created, such as resistance from providers. This article is a Korean case study which shows that, in a context of low trust, it is difficult to enhance regulations governing the private, for-profit provision of social services to enable the effective operation of choice and competition.

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Introduction: From the Emergence to the Dynamics of Welfare Markets

Cited by 7 publications

References 54 publications

The social long-term care insurance model: comparing actor configurations across countries and time

The social long-term care insurance model: comparing actor configurations across countries and time

The limits of social investment and the resilience of long-term care

Reconciling for-profit social service provision with a regulatory framework: Korean long-term care

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