Introduction

Fear and Violence as Organizational Strategies: The Possibility of a Derridean Lens to Analyze Extra-judicial Police Violence

“…Third , while earlier research on police violence has focused on misrecognition being one of the causes of police violence (Cornelissen et al 2014 ), we advance the literature by contending that in addition to errors of recognition, police violence could be implicated in the discursive enlargement of recognition. Finally , while earlier research has shown that the global politics of fear demonizes Muslims and is premised on the State’s tension with citizens (Althiede 2003 , 2006 ; Gore 2004 ; Jagannathan and Rai 2017 ; Karpiak and Garriott 2018 ), we advance this literature by showing that there is a complex linkage between the politics of fear, gender inequity and an imagined social conservatism among Muslims.…”

“…Finally , earlier research suggests that the relationship between the State and citizens is characterized by tension and police violence is a symptom of this tension (Karpiak and Garriott 2018 ; Sands-O’Connor 2018 ). The State being in tension with citizens is manifested in the global politics of fear where violence is normalized by a suspicion of everyday Islamic life (Afshar 2013 ; Althiede 2003 , 2006 ; Gore 2004 ).…”

“…Karpiak and Garriott ( 2018 ) indicate that police work is a part of the political labor that is required to build structures of believability about members of ethnic minority communities being probable terrorists. Karpiak and Garriott indicate that police violence results from the structural tension of the State with citizens, particularly, ethnic minorities.…”

“…Fourth , earlier research suggests that there is implicit violence that characterizes the relationship between the State and the citizen, and the police make explicit the possibilities of such violence (Karpiak and Garriott 2018 ; Sands-O’Connor 2018 ). Police use of force that actuates State violence against citizens (Duschinski 2010 ; Jauregui 2011 ) is premised on the ungreivability of life.…”

“…Third, they have argued that cultures of intimidation are a part of police identity and that police violence is a result of misrecognition and the limits of sensemaking and framing (Cornelissen et al 2014 ; Gonzalez and Perez-Floriano 2015 ; Courpasson and Monties 2017 ). Fourth , they have argued that police violence is ingrained in the functioning of the State and its tension with citizens, particularly minorities (Jagannathan and Rai 2017 ; Karpiak and Garriott 2018 ; Monk et al 2019 ). This tension of the State with citizens is manifested in the global politics of fear directed against Muslims (Afshar 2013 ; Althiede 2003 , 2006 ; Gore 2004 ).…”