Introduction

Horak, Ivan G.; Heyne, Heloise; Williams, R. B. G.; Gallivan, G. James; Spickett, Arthur M.; Bezuidenhout, J. Dürr; Estrada-Peña, Agustı́n

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-70642-9_1

Cited by 7 publications

(39 citation statements)

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“…Ticks were present on half of all rodents and were represented by 20 taxa of which 12 were identified to species and 8 to species groups (including unknown species). In general, immature life stages (larvae and nymphs) were recorded on M. namaquensis (Petney et al ., 2004 ; Durden, 2006 ; Matthee et al ., 2007 , 2010 ; Horak et al ., 2018 ). The morphological characters of larvae and nymphs are such that they can easily be identified to genus level, but these characters are often not sufficiently diagnostic to make a specific diagnosis (Walker et al ., 2000 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the present study, R. neumanni was the most abundant species, but only present at 1 locality (60% prevalence at Kuruman). The Kuruman region is xeric (<340 mm per annum), which is in agreement with the species' observed preference for xeric regions in South Africa (Horak et al ., 2018 ). Micaelamys namaquensis is a new host record for R. neumanni that was previously reported on A. chrysophilus (1 larva) and Mastomys sp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ticks were identified using various reference sources (e.g. Walker et al ., 2000 ; Horak et al ., 2018 ). Conclusive species identifications were not possible for several ticks, notably immature stages, and they were subsequently allocated to either species groups or unknown species within a relevant genus.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Though parasite–host and host–parasite lists are available for most rodent taxa (e.g. Zumpt, 1961 ; Theiler, 1962 ; Ledger, 1980 ; Segerman, 1995 ; Horak et al ., 2018 ) the data are often outdated and in need of revision (van der Mescht and Matthee, 2017 ). The main critique of these reports and monographs includes incomplete sample ranges and inadequate sample sizes (Shvydka et al ., 2018 ; Wilson et al ., 2001 ; Stockwell and Peterson, 2002 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although this is a step in the right direction, these studies are limited in extent as they are restricted to a single locality and/or biome. Based on current literature, M. namaquensis acts as a host for numerous ectoparasite taxa (Zumpt, 1961 ; Theiler, 1962 ; Ledger, 1980 ; Segerman, 1995 ; Fagir et al ., 2014 ; Horak et al ., 2018 ) and is also a reservoir host for vector-borne pathogens such as Bartonella (Brettschneider et al ., 2012 ). Given the wide distribution and opportunistic behaviour of M. namaquensis , it is predicted that the ectoparasite diversity is currently underestimated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diversity and distribution of ectoparasite taxa associated with Micaelamys namaquensis (Rodentia: Muridae), an opportunistic commensal rodent species in South Africa

et al. 2022

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South Africa boasts a rich diversity of small mammals of which several are commensal and harbour parasites of zoonotic importance. However, limited information is available on the parasite diversity and distribution associated with rodents in South Africa. This is particularly relevant for Micaelamys namaquensis (Namaqua rock mouse), a regionally widespread and locally abundant species that is often commensal. To address the paucity of data, the aims of the study were to record the ectoparasite diversity associated with M. namaquensis and develop distribution maps of lice and mites associated with M. namaquensis and other rodents in South Africa. Micaelamys namaquensis individuals (n = 216) were obtained from 12 localities representing multiple biomes during 2017–2018. A total of 5591 ectoparasites representing 5 taxonomic groups – fleas, lice, mesostigmatid mites, chiggers and ticks was recorded. These consisted of at least 57 taxa of which ticks were the most speciose (20 taxa). Novel contributions include new host and locality data for several ectoparasite taxa and undescribed chigger species. Known vector species were recorded which included fleas (Ctenocephalides felis, Dinopsyllus ellobius and Xenopsylla brasiliensis) and ticks (Haemaphysalis elliptica, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus and Rhipicephalus simus). Locality records indicate within-taxon geographic differences between the 2 louse species and the 2 most abundant mite species. It is clear that M. namaquensis hosts a rich diversity of ectoparasite taxa and, as such, is an important rodent species to monitor in habitats where it occurs in close proximity to humans and domestic animals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Diversity and distribution of ectoparasite taxa associated with Micaelamys namaquensis (Rodentia: Muridae), an opportunistic commensal rodent species in South Africa

et al. 2022

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Acaricide resistance of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) decoloratus (Acari: Ixodidae) on commercial farms in South Africa: filling a gap in historical data

Dalen

Rensburg

2023

Exp Appl Acarol

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In South Africa, acaricides are widely used for tick control but very few reports are available on resistance development of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) decoloratus Koch to chemical control on commercial farming systems in Africa, south of the Sahara. Resistance to different acaricide classes reported over the years was mostly from localised communal farming systems. This report addresses the lack of available information on resistance development by reviewing results found during a National Tick Resistance Survey carried out from 1998 to 2001, laying the foundation for more recent research on resistance development, and the evolution of resistance over the years. One hundred and eighty R. decoloratus populations were randomly collected from commercial farming systems, covering most of the provinces of South Africa. Larval immersion tests were used to determine phenotypic resistance for each tick population and 6.6% of the populations tested were found to be resistant to amitraz, 35.5% to cypermethrin, and 36.1% to chlorfenvinphos. Multi-resistance to all three acaricides was found in 1.2% of populations and a further 25.8% of the populations were resistant to two acaricides. The detection of resistance of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) species to currently used or new acaricides is an essential tool in resistance management. The acaricides tested for the resistance of R. decoloratus during the survey are currently still in use in South Africa and these historical results, never published before, can be valuable and can act as reference data to determine the evolution of resistance development to acaricides in more recent studies.

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Evolution of acaricide resistance of Rhipicephalus decoloratus on commercial farms in South Africa

Dalen

Rensburg

2023

Exp Appl Acarol

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The development of tick resistance to chemical control plays a major role in the increasing global economic impact of ticks on cattle farming. Reports on acaricide resistance of Rhipicephalus decoloratus, endemic to Africa and South Africa, are relatively few compared to the closely related and globally distributed Rhipicephalus microplus. In South Africa, ectoparasite control became the sole responsibility of each commercial producer when compulsory dipping was phased out from 1984. Different acaricidal management strategies resulted in the simultaneous development of resistance to various acaricide groups. The establishment of a Pesticide Resistance Testing Facility provided the opportunity to test Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) populations, submitted from all over South Africa, for resistance where failure of chemical control was experienced. The number of populations resistant to cypermethrin (CM) was significantly higher than those tested as resistant to amitraz (AM), or chlorfenvinphos (CFVP). No significant difference was found between the number of populations resistant to AM and CFVP. The evolution of R. decoloratus resistance at the end of a 12 year period indicated a stable but high prevalence of 90% overall resistance to CM. The same trend was seen for AM-resistant R. decoloratus populations but at a lower level of just over 40%. In contrast, CFVP resistant R. decoloratus populations showed a decreasing trend with near-total reversion to susceptibility. Multi-resistance was present in more than 50% of populations tested with the highest incidence in the Eastern Cape, KwaZulu-Natal, and Western Cape provinces.

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Introduction

Cited by 7 publications

References 1 publication

Diversity and distribution of ectoparasite taxa associated with Micaelamys namaquensis (Rodentia: Muridae), an opportunistic commensal rodent species in South Africa

Diversity and distribution of ectoparasite taxa associated with Micaelamys namaquensis (Rodentia: Muridae), an opportunistic commensal rodent species in South Africa

Acaricide resistance of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) decoloratus (Acari: Ixodidae) on commercial farms in South Africa: filling a gap in historical data

Evolution of acaricide resistance of Rhipicephalus decoloratus on commercial farms in South Africa

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