Introduction

Белов, Н. А.; Eskin, Dmitry; Aksenov, A. A.

doi:10.1016/b978-008044537-3/50000-7

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…The occurrence rate of SEP events of a given peak flux is inversely related to the intensity itself. This is demonstrated in the right panel of Figure 12, where the SEP size distribution, given by the number of events in each log-equal peak flux bin divided by the corresponding bin width (Bazilevskaya 2005;Belov et al 2005), is displayed for energies above 433 MeV. The error bars include the statistical uncertainties.…”

Section: Energy [Mev]mentioning

confidence: 88%

Solar Energetic Particle Events Observed by the PAMELA Mission

Bruno

Bazilevskaya

Boezio

et al. 2018

ApJ

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Corresponding author: Alessandro Bruno alessandro.bruno-1@nasa.gov 2 Bruno et al.Despite the significant progress achieved in recent years, the physical mechanisms underlying the origin of solar energetic particles (SEPs) are still a matter of debate. The complex nature of both particle acceleration and transport poses challenges to developing a universal picture of SEP events that encompasses both the low-energy (from tens of keV to a few hundreds of MeV) observations made by space-based instruments and the GeV particles detected by the worldwide network of neutron monitors in ground-level enhancements (GLEs). The high-precision data collected by the Payload for Antimatter Matter Exploration and Light-nuclei Astrophysics (PAMELA) satellite experiment offer a unique opportunity to study the SEP fluxes between ∼80 MeV and a few GeV, significantly improving the characterization of the most energetic events. In particular, PAMELA can measure for the first time with good accuracy the spectral features at moderate and high energies, providing important constraints for current SEP models. In addition, the PAMELA observations allow the relationship between low and high-energy particles to be investigated, enabling a clearer view of the SEP origin. No qualitative distinction between the spectral shapes of GLE, sub-GLE and non-GLE events is observed, suggesting that GLEs are not a separate class, but are the subset of a continuous distribution of SEP events that are more intense at high energies. While the spectral forms found are to be consistent with diffusive shock acceleration theory, which predicts spectral rollovers at high energies that are attributed to particles escaping the shock region during acceleration, further work is required to explore the relative influences of acceleration and transport processes on SEP spectra.

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Section: Energy [Mev]mentioning

confidence: 88%

Solar Energetic Particle Events Observed by the PAMELA Mission

Bruno

Bazilevskaya

Boezio

et al. 2018

ApJ

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“…[3], ΔH A-B for Cu-Mg co-clusters was determined and verified through measurements of enthalpy changes on co-cluster formation using calorimetry. This provided H A-B = 34.5 ± [11,13,14].…”

Section: Model For Co-clusters Their Thermodynamics and Metastable Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

A model for co-clusters and their strengthening in Al–Cu–Mg based alloys: a comparison with experimental data

Starink

2012

International Journal of Materials Research

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A model for the thermodynamics of and strengthening due to Cu-Mg co-clusters in Al-CuMg based alloys is analysed and tested. The formulation uses a single interaction enthalpy between dissimilar alloying elements (e.g. Cu and Mg atoms in an Al-Cu-Mg based alloy) combined with the configurational entropy. The metastable solvus in Al-Cu-Mg based alloys is calculated. Recently published small angle X-ray scattering experiments, 3 dimensional atom probe and yield strength data on these type of alloys support the model. The small angle X-ray scattering and hardness experiments, as well as calorimetry experiments, are sensitive to the main free energy (or enthalpy) changes, which are dominated by Cu-Mg bonds formed by the dimers and the local electron densities related to these bonds. 3 dimensional atom probe is less sensitive to dimers, and will detect agglomeration of dimers to form larger clusters.

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“…Unlike for DDRX, the essence of CDRX is the continuous formation and rotation of subgrains created by dislocations, directly changing the orientation of subgrains and forming new grains [32,33,41]. As illustrated in Figure 2a, CDRX can be expressed in terms of cell structure formation in images (1) and (2), subgrain rotation (image 3), and conversion of grain boundaries from LAGB to HAGB (image 4), resulting in the final recrystallised grain microstructure seen in image (5). Subgrain rotation can increase the misorientation between adjacent subgrains such that their boundaries are classified as HAGB rather than LAGB.…”

Section: Dynamic Recrystallisation Mechanisms and Conditions Of Occurmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aluminium (Al) and its alloys are in the first rank of nonferrous materials for automotive, aerospace and marine applications thanks to their high specific strength, corrosion resistance and good thermal and electrical conductivity [1,2]. Hot deformation processes, such as hot rolling, hot extrusion, hot stamping and creep age forming, are commonly applied for forming Al components [3][4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Microstructural Evolution and Modelling of Aluminium Alloys under Hot Forming Conditions

Zheng

Yardley

et al. 2020

Metals

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Microstructural evolution during hot forming of aluminium alloys plays a critical role in both the material flow behaviour during the deformation and the post-form mechanical properties in service. This paper presents a comprehensive review on the recrystallisation mechanisms, the interrelations between microstructures and macroscopic responses, and the associated modelling methods for aluminium alloys under hot forming conditions. Particular attention is focused on dynamic recrystallisation (DRX), which occurs during hot forming. The mechanisms, key features, and conditions of occurrence (forming temperature, strain rates, etc.) during hot forming for each type of DRX type are classified. The relationships between microstructures and macroscopic responses, including the flow behaviour, the post-form strength and ductility, are summarised based on existing experimental results. Most importantly, the associated modelling work, describing the recrystallisation and the viscoplastic behaviour under hot forming conditions, is grouped into four types, to enable a clear and concise understanding of the existing quantitative micro–macro interactions, which are particularly valuable for the future development of advanced physically based multi-scale modelling work for hot-forming processes in aluminium alloys.

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Introduction

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Solar Energetic Particle Events Observed by the PAMELA Mission

Solar Energetic Particle Events Observed by the PAMELA Mission

A model for co-clusters and their strengthening in Al–Cu–Mg based alloys: a comparison with experimental data

A Review of Microstructural Evolution and Modelling of Aluminium Alloys under Hot Forming Conditions

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