Introduction

Kuklick, Henrika; Kohler, Robert Ε.

doi:10.1086/368752

Cited by 92 publications

(41 citation statements)

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“…"Destined" to the domestic environment, the adverse conditions and dangers that were part of these trips did not easily complement the image of a woman or the specificities of the female body. This dichotomization of gender considered suitable to the practitioner of the sciences was not peculiar to the field, it was immanent to all the locations of scientific production (Kuklick;Kohler, 1996;Oreskes, 1996). Lopes (2001:895) suggests that the heroic image of the explorers is due to the greater lack of control of the field researcher, specifically foreign men who found themselves in an environment with which they were not familiar (scientifically, socially and culturally) and that, the greater the "lack of control" the more heroic the mission.…”

Section: Women On Field Work Expeditions -The Importance Of the Gendementioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is more difficult to stipulate rules in an essentially public workplace such as the field, with much more flexible working conventions than those found within a laboratory for instance. In the field environment, the rules of gender could be more malleable, and for centuries women traveled to distant places registering their observations in letters, diaries and paintings, which allowed the construction of a historiography about women travelers acting as field researchers (Kuklick;Kohler, 1996;Lopes, 1997).…”

Section: Women On Field Work Expeditions -The Importance Of the Gendementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the most recent past, at the end of the nineteenth century and early twentieth century, some of the sciences that were based strongly on field research, such as botany and anthropology, demonstrated they were particularly receptive to women, who achieved parity in the field with men more easily than they did within the scientific institutions (Kuklick;Kohler, 1996:12).…”

Section: Women On Field Work Expeditions -The Importance Of the Gendementioning

confidence: 99%

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Em busca pelo campo – Mulheres em Expedições Científicas no Brasil em meados do século XX

Sombrio

2016

Cad. Pagu

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This paper analyses the presence of women in scientific expeditions in Brazil in the mid-twentieth century and the several ways gender implications influenced these experiences. The research was conducted primarily through the documents of the Brazilian Inspection Council on Artistic and Scientific Expeditions, the federal organization responsible for inspecting and licensing expeditions into the country between the years of 1933 and 1968. The purpose of this article is to present this study, to reflect about women participation in scientific practices and reveal women scientists' experiences in Brazil at that time.

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Section: Women On Field Work Expeditions -The Importance Of the Gendementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Women On Field Work Expeditions -The Importance Of the Gendementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Women On Field Work Expeditions -The Importance Of the Gendementioning

confidence: 99%

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Em busca pelo campo – Mulheres em Expedições Científicas no Brasil em meados do século XX

Sombrio

2016

Cad. Pagu

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“…(From Wallace, The Malay Archipelago [London, 1869].) 5 On the relationship between railroad expansion and scientific field work, see Vetter, 2004. 6 For a general discussion of the special characteristics of science in the field, see Kuklick and Kohler, 1996. Insightful case studies of field science include Pang, 1996;Rozwadowski, 1996;and Schumaker, 1996.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wallace’s Other Line: Human Biogeography and Field Practice in the Eastern Colonial Tropics

Vetter

2006

J Hist Biol

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This paper examines how the 19th-century British naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace used biogeographical mapping practices to draw a boundary line between Malay and Papuan groups in the colonial East Indies in the 1850s. Instead of looking for a continuous gradient of variation between Malays and Papuans, Wallace chose to look for a sharp discontinuity between them. While Wallace's ''human biogeography'' paralleled his similar project to map plant and animal distributions in the same region, he invoked distinctive ''mental and moral'' features as more decisive than physical ones. By following Wallace in the field, we can see his field mapping practices in action -how he conquered the problem of local particularity in the case of human variation. His experiences on the periphery of expanding European empires, far from metropolitan centers, shaped Wallace's observations in the field. Taking his cues from colonial racial categories and his experiences collaborating with local people in the field, Wallace constructed the boundary line between the Malay and Papuan races during several years of work in the field criss-crossing the archipelago as a scientific collector. This effort to map a boundary line in the field was a bold example of using the practices of survey science to raise the status of field work by combining fact gathering with higher-level generalizing, although the response back in the metropole was less than enthusiastic. Upon his return to Britain in the 1860s, Wallace found that appreciation for observational facts he had gathered in the field was not accompanied by agreement with his theoretical interpretations and methods for doing human biogeography.

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“…Field studies have generally had low status within the biological sciences 30 . Unlike the laboratory, zoo or museum, the spaces of the field cannot easily be restricted to sanctioned scientists nor controlled for experimental conditions.…”

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confidence: 99%

Science, observation and entertainment: competing visions of postwar British natural history television, 1946-1967

Davies¹

2000

ecumene

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Popular culture is not the endpoint for the communication of fully developed scientific discourses; rather it constitutes a set of narratives, values and practices with which scientists have to engage in the heterogeneous processes of scientific work. In this paper I explore how one group of actors, involved in the development of both post-war natural history television and the professionalisation of animal behaviour studies, manage this process. I draw inspiration from sociologists and historians of science, examining the boundary work involved in the definition and legitimation of scientific fields. Specifically, I chart the institution of animal ethology and natural history filmmaking in Britain through developing a relational account of the co-construction of this new science and its public form within the media. Substantively, the paper discusses the relationship between three genres of early natural history television, tracing their different associations with forms of public science, the spaces of the scientific field and the role of the camera as a tool of scientific observation.Through this analysis I account for the patterns of co-operation and divergence in the broadcasting and scientific visions of nature embedded in the first formations of the Natural History Unit of the British Broadcasting Corporation. 3In spring 1957 the previously informal collaborations between naturalists, broadcasters and scientists directed at taking and broadcasting film of animals for British television were recognised in the establishment of the Natural History Unit (NHU) of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC). Self sufficient with its own producers, library and film editing facilities, and eight permanent staff, and based in Bristol, the NHU was charged with supplying the majority of natural history output on the BBC 1 . In a paper to the BBC Board 'The spirit of scientific enquiry must have pride of place. In handling this subject we expose ourselves to the critical scrutiny of scientists, and their approval is an important endorsement. Moreover, it is their work that throws up the ideas and instances and controversies from which programmes are made.We look to them as contributors, as source material, as consultants, and as elite opinions on our efforts. In short we need their goodwill' 3 .The choice for head of Unit, the ornithologist Bruce Campbell, reinforced an ethos in which scientific skills were valued above broadcasting experience. As Chris Parsons writes in his history of the Unit: 'Although he had no experience as a producer, Bruce

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Introduction

Cited by 92 publications

References 0 publications

Em busca pelo campo – Mulheres em Expedições Científicas no Brasil em meados do século XX

Em busca pelo campo – Mulheres em Expedições Científicas no Brasil em meados do século XX

Wallace’s Other Line: Human Biogeography and Field Practice in the Eastern Colonial Tropics

Science, observation and entertainment: competing visions of postwar British natural history television, 1946-1967

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