Intrinsically electrically conducting polymers. Synthesis, characterization, and their applications

Stenger‐Smith, John D.

doi:10.1016/s0079-6700(97)00024-5

Cited by 270 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 156 publications

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“…The reverse variation of the magnitudes of the above-mentioned electrochemical properties under control of the reverse reaction envisages the development of new biomimetic (electrochemical) devices and products: artificial muscles, electrochromic windows, 112,113 polymeric batteries, 114,115 and/or supercapacitors, 116,117 smart drug delivery devices, 118,119 and nervous interfaces 81 or smart membranes. 119,120 The fact that different properties change simultaneously driven by the same reaction (current) envisages the development of a unexpected world of new soft devices each including different tools actuating simultaneously: artificial muscles changing its color, storing a fraction of the charge (battery), keeping structural memory and sensing the working conditions during actuation.…”

Section: Multifunctional and Biomimetic Electrochemical Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biomimetic Conducting Polymers: Synthesis, Materials, Properties, Functions, and Devices

Otero

2013

Polymer Reviews

129

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Electro-generations of conducting polymers are fast processes through a complex mechanism of parallel reactions giving mixed materials. The films are three-dimensional electrochemical reactors: reactive macromolecules, ions, and solvent. The film composition and its related properties reviewed here change by oxidation/reduction along several orders of magnitude under control. One reaction shifts different properties (multifunctionality). In one device several reaction driven tools, actuators and sensor, work simultaneously (full integration

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Section: Multifunctional and Biomimetic Electrochemical Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…14b, c). 112,113,135,137,138 Different optical devices such as smart mirror, smart window, or goggles, working in the visible or IR regions are being developed. All those devices are electrochemical cells.…”

Section: Electrochromic Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomimetic Conducting Polymers: Synthesis, Materials, Properties, Functions, and Devices

Otero

2013

Polymer Reviews

129

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“…Over the past two decades the field of π-conjugated polymers has attracted the attention of many scientists due to the interesting electrical and optical properties of these compounds [4][5][6][7][8] . Since then, this field has expanded into an enormous research thrust, with applications in almost all aspects of energy storage, transmission, and conversion [9][10][11][12][13] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Synthesis of Novel Material 2,3-Dimethyl-2,3-dihydrofuro[3,4-b][1,4]dioxine-5,7-dicarboxylic acid

Wang¹,

Deng²,

Yan³

et al. 2016

Proceedings of the 2016 International Forum on Energy, Environment and Sustainable Development

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Abstract. A new synthetic approach to synthesize 2,3-dimethyl -2,3-dihydrofuro [3,4-b][1,4] dioxine-5,7 -dicarboxylic acid from a common precursor diglycolic acid was reported. Starting from the commercial material diethylene glycol, diethyl oxalate and 2,3-dibromobutane, the compound was synthesized through oxidation reaction, acylation, hydrolysis and elimination reaction with moderate yield via a five-step reaction. The procedure was described herein with several advantages, including high product yields and easy purification.

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“…8,9 Polyaniline (PANI) is one of the most frequently investigated intrinsically conducting polymers for biosensor applications owing to its good electrical conductivity, unique redox chemistry, and biocompatibility. [10][11][12] In the case of urea biosensors, the electrochemical signal is generated by the association of PANI with NH 4 + liberated during urea hydrolysis by Urs. However, PANI exhibits deteriorating electrochemical properties at higher pH (.4), 13 which limits its applicability in cases where neutral or slightly basic pH is required, such as in bioelectrochemistry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amperometric urea biosensors based on sulfonated graphene/polyaniline nanocomposite

An¹,

Yoon²,

Das³

2015

IJN

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An electrochemical biosensor based on sulfonated graphene/polyaniline nanocomposite was developed for urea analysis. Oxidative polymerization of aniline in the presence of sulfonated graphene oxide was carried out by electrochemical methods in an aqueous environment. The structural properties of the nanocomposite were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy techniques. The urease enzyme-immobilized sulfonated graphene/polyaniline nanocomposite film showed impressive performance in the electroanalytical detection of urea with a detection limit of 0.050 mM and a sensitivity of 0.85 (μA · cm −2 ·mM −1 . The biosensor achieved a broad linear range of detection (0.12–12.3 mM) with a notable response time of approximately 5 seconds. Moreover, the fabricated biosensor retained 81% of its initial activity (based on sensitivity) after 15 days of storage at 4°C. The ease of fabrication coupled with the low cost and good electrochemical performance of this system holds potential for the development of solid-state biosensors for urea detection.

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Intrinsically electrically conducting polymers. Synthesis, characterization, and their applications

Cited by 270 publications

References 156 publications

Biomimetic Conducting Polymers: Synthesis, Materials, Properties, Functions, and Devices

Biomimetic Conducting Polymers: Synthesis, Materials, Properties, Functions, and Devices

The Synthesis of Novel Material 2,3-Dimethyl-2,3-dihydrofuro[3,4-b][1,4]dioxine-5,7-dicarboxylic acid

Amperometric urea biosensors based on sulfonated graphene/polyaniline nanocomposite

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