Intrinsic loss of few-mode fibers

Liu, Yaping; Yang, Zhiqun; Zhao, Jian; Zhang, Lin; Li, Zhihong; Li, Guifang

doi:10.1364/oe.26.002107

Cited by 33 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…ω 0 is the central angular frequency of the pulse. The intrinsic loss (α total ) of our proposed EFMF consists of infrared absorption loss (α IR ) and Rayleigh scattering loss (α R ) [40].…”

Section: Topology Diagram and Theoretical Model Of Efmfmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Δ is the relative refractive index difference. The infrared absorption loss can be calculated by the following formula [40]:…”

Section: Topology Diagram and Theoretical Model Of Efmfmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The intrinsic loss of our proposed EFMF is calculated according to the method in detail in the study mentioned in reference [40]. The trench of the EFMF is ignored in the calculation of the intrinsic loss.…”

Section: Intrinsic Loss Of Our Proposed Efmfmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Elliptical-Core Few-Mode Fiber with Low Loss and Low Crosstalk for the MIMO-FREE Applications

Gao

et al. 2022

Front. Phys.

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In this invited paper, a novel elliptical-core few-mode fiber (EFMF) with low loss and low Crosstalk is proposed for multiple input multiple output free (MIMO-FREE) applications. The EFMF, which adopts pure silica elliptical core with a step refractive index profile and trench refractive index, can be used in MIMO-FREE operation. The result using a full-vector finite element method shows that the proposed EFMF breaks the mode degeneracy and achieves modes maintaining function. The EFMF performs five non-degenerate modes operations with the modes LP01, LP11a, LP11b, LP21b, and LP21a for the MIMO-FREE applications. The mode crosstalk of the EFMF is effectively reduced using the optimized ellipticity and the large effective refractive index difference between the modes. If the data rate or capacity is conventionally set to a multiple of 2, the transmission system can be upgraded using the EFMF with four modes operations where the effective refractive index difference between any two modes is more than 2 × 10−3. A pure silica core is employed to effectively reduce intrinsic loss. The low bending loss is realized by using the trench refractive index at the cladding. The EFMF can be applied to the good transmission of mode division multiplexing in MIMO-FREE applications while eliminating the difficulty and complexity of the MIMO digital signal processing.

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Section: Topology Diagram and Theoretical Model Of Efmfmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Δ is the relative refractive index difference. The infrared absorption loss can be calculated by the following formula [40]:…”

Section: Topology Diagram and Theoretical Model Of Efmfmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Elliptical-Core Few-Mode Fiber with Low Loss and Low Crosstalk for the MIMO-FREE Applications

Gao

et al. 2022

Front. Phys.

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“…Intrinsic loss of arbitrary transmission modes in optical fibers [40] α total , When the fiber is uniformly doped, the Rayleigh scattering loss can be expressed as…”

Section: Intrinsic Loss Of the Transmission Channelmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel mode-division (de)multiplexer with degenerate modes output for MIMO-FREE applications

Xing

Su²,

Gao³

et al. 2022

Front. Phys.

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In this study, we propose a novel three-dimensional architecture mode (de)multiplexer with degenerate modes output using a pure silica FMF ring core transmission channel, which solves the problem caused by random mode rotation and can be used in multiple-input multiple-output free (MIMO-FREE) applications such as data center application in the future. By using the pure silica FMF ring core transmission channel and larger effective refractive index difference, the performance with low loss, high extinction ratio (ER) and low crosstalk is achieved. The main channel with a few-mode fiber (FMF) ring-core structure supports the modes LP01, LP11, and LP21, and the large effective refractive index difference between each mode in the core ensures low crosstalk characteristics between the modes. Using the pure silica core channel can effectively reduce propagation attenuation and fusion loss. Our proposed MUX/DEMUX with degenerate modes output is achieved when the degenerate modes LP11a/LP11b and LP21a/LP21b are transmitted as two independent mode signals, which can be used in MIMO-FREE applications. The extinction ratios (ERs) of the degenerate modes LP11 and LP21 are kept above 31.66 dB and 24.43 dB, respectively, and the ER of mode LP01 is kept above 38.72 dB in the C band. The coupling efficiency of mode LP01 is approximately 0 dB, which is almost unchanged with the increase of the wavelength. The coupling efficiency of LP11 is higher than −3.49 dB and that of LP21 is higher than −7.24 dB in the whole C-band. At 1550 nm, the coupling efficiencies of modes LP01, LP11, and LP21 are −0.002 dB, −0.052 dB, and −0.178 dB, respectively. The coupling efficiency and ER of LP01 mode are the best, and those of the degenerate mode LP11 are always better than those of mode LP21. Our proposed MUX/DEMUX achieves low crosstalk and high ER performance and solves the problem caused by the degenerate modes rotations during transmission.

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“…The propagation constants and the effective indices of LP modes are calculated by COMSOL with perfect matching layer. The imaginary part of the effective refractive index is related to the bending loss, and is given by [19] α = − 0.4π × Im(n eff ) λln10 (9) Table 2 shows the bending loss of the designed FMF at the wavelength of 1550 nm. In the table, "\" represents no loss of the mode, while "×" indicates that the mode does not exist in the FMF.…”

Section: Bending Lossmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-DMGD, Large-Effective-Area and Low-Bending-Loss 12-LP-Mode Fiber for Mode-Division-Multiplexing

et al. 2019

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We report the design of 12-LP-mode (21-spatial-mode) fiber with a low differential mode group delay (DMGD), a large effective area, and a low bending loss that is adapted to a mode-division-multiplexing system over the C+L band. Based on the designed fiber parameters, we characterize the few-mode fiber (FMF) with the DMGD, an effective area, and a bending loss. Over the C+L band, the maximum DMGD is 0.106 ps/m, and the effective area is in the range of 150∼485 μm 2. The bending loss of the designed FMF reduces to zero when the bending radius is greater than 9 mm, and the DMGD is below 0.0413 ps/m at the wavelength of 1550 nm.

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Intrinsic loss of few-mode fibers

Cited by 33 publications

References 16 publications

An Elliptical-Core Few-Mode Fiber with Low Loss and Low Crosstalk for the MIMO-FREE Applications

An Elliptical-Core Few-Mode Fiber with Low Loss and Low Crosstalk for the MIMO-FREE Applications

A novel mode-division (de)multiplexer with degenerate modes output for MIMO-FREE applications

Low-DMGD, Large-Effective-Area and Low-Bending-Loss 12-LP-Mode Fiber for Mode-Division-Multiplexing

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