Intrinsic continuous process safeguarding

Abstract

Two principle techniques exist for process safety in the chemical industry; these methods are based on the maintenance of either reaction conditions or chemical/physical stability in order to provide a safe working environment. From experience gained in the manufacture of organic peroxides, it is concluded that the latter technique (intrinsic continuous process safety), aiming at prevention, is to be preferred. Intrinsic continuous process safety is based on the stability of the reaction system and reaction conditions and minimizes the possibility of dangerous occurrences resulting from human error or equipment failure. Qualitative and quantitative hazard analysis is used to determine conditions for chemicaVphysical stability of a system. A flow calorimeter suitable for evaluation of thermochemical characteristics of the reaction system is described. Process research, process development, and safety research should cooperate closely on process safety aspects from the start of the R & D synthetic work.

Intrinsic Continuous Process Safeguarding Revisited for Batch Reactions

“…The prevention or control of undesirable reactions in processes was discussed in a paper. 1 The recommended approach is called intrinsic continuous process safeguarding (ICPS). It is a protection that is directly and completely based on the reaction system and the reaction conditions because the safeguarding originates from the core of the process.…”

“…Often, these undesirable phenomena are caused by a “runaway” reaction. The prevention or control of undesirable reactions in processes was discussed in a paper . The recommended approach is called intrinsic continuous process safeguarding (ICPS).…”

“…ICPS is, as a methodology, also applicable to the handling and storage of raw materials and products in the chemical industry although these fields are not covered by the paper mentioned in the beginning of this section …”

Development of a Continuous Plug Flow Process for Preparation of a Key Intermediate for Brivanib Alaninate

“…10−12 However, it is not uncommon to observe thermal runaway potential for reactions involving organic peroxides or hydrogen peroxide with acids. 13,14 The hazard analysis of this chemistry determined that thermal runaway potential exists at ambient conditions. Alternate chemical routes were scouted for the target hydroxypyrrolotriazine 2, but none proved acceptable.…”

“…The reaction uses hydrogen peroxide as the oxidant in a benzylic hydroperoxide rearrangement reaction (Scheme ). The advantage of using hydrogen peroxide as an oxidizing reagent is low mass transfer limitations in such a liquid–liquid system. − However, it is not uncommon to observe thermal runaway potential for reactions involving organic peroxides or hydrogen peroxide with acids. , The hazard analysis of this chemistry determined that thermal runaway potential exists at ambient conditions. Alternate chemical routes were scouted for the target hydroxypyrrolotriazine 2 , but none proved acceptable.…”