Intrinsic connections of the rat amygdaloid complex: Projections originating in the accessory basal nucleus

Savander, Vesa; Go, Cheolhyeon; LeDoux, Joseph E.; Pitk�nen, Asla

doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(19961014)374:2<291::aid-cne10>3.0.co;2-y

Cited by 71 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The parvicellular subdivision has extensive projections to the magnocellular and intermediate subdivisions (246). The largest projection from basal nuclei is to the medial subdivision of the central nucleus (204,246,247). These afferents form asymmetric synapses with spines and dendrites in the central nucleus and are therefore thought to be glutamatergic (204).…”

Section: Intra-amygdaloid Connectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because the hypothalamic and brain stem projections from the amygdala responsible for the autonomic responses of amygdala function largely originate from the medial subdivision of the central nucleus, these projections from the basal nuclei to the central nucleus have a key role in controlling the output of processed information from the amygdaloid complex. The accessory basal nucleus has extensive rostrocaudal connections and sends afferents to the LA, CeA, and medial divisions (247).…”

Section: Intra-amygdaloid Connectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Amygdaloid Complex: Anatomy and Physiology

Sah

Faber

Armentia

et al. 2003

Physiological Reviews

1,445

1,374

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Sah, P., E. S. L. Faber, M. Lopez de Armentia, and J. Power. The Amygdaloid Complex: Anatomy and Physiology. Physiol Rev 83: 803–834, 2003; 10.1152/physrev.00002.2003.—A converging body of literature over the last 50 years has implicated the amygdala in assigning emotional significance or value to sensory information. In particular, the amygdala has been shown to be an essential component of the circuitry underlying fear-related responses. Disorders in the processing of fear-related information are likely to be the underlying cause of some anxiety disorders in humans such as posttraumatic stress. The amygdaloid complex is a group of more than 10 nuclei that are located in the midtemporal lobe. These nuclei can be distinguished both on cytoarchitectonic and connectional grounds. Anatomical tract tracing studies have shown that these nuclei have extensive intranuclear and internuclear connections. The afferent and efferent connections of the amygdala have also been mapped in detail, showing that the amygdaloid complex has extensive connections with cortical and subcortical regions. Analysis of fear conditioning in rats has suggested that long-term synaptic plasticity of inputs to the amygdala underlies the acquisition and perhaps storage of the fear memory. In agreement with this proposal, synaptic plasticity has been demonstrated at synapses in the amygdala in both in vitro and in vivo studies. In this review, we examine the anatomical and physiological substrates proposed to underlie amygdala function.

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Section: Intra-amygdaloid Connectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Intra-amygdaloid Connectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Amygdaloid Complex: Anatomy and Physiology

Sah

Faber

Armentia

et al. 2003

Physiological Reviews

1,445

1,374

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The nomenclature and the basic description of the morphological characteristics of the rat amygdala nuclei have been described in detail previously (Cassell et al, 1986;Jolkkonen and Pitk€ anen, 1998;Krettek and Price, 1978;McDonald, 1982;Pitk€ anen, 2000;Pitk€ anen et al, 1995;Price et al, 1987;Savander et al, 1995Savander et al, , 1996. We used these descriptions to determine the boundaries of the five main nuclei (i.e., lateral, basal, accessory basal, central, and medial) of the rat amygdala ( Fig.…”

Section: Anatomical Boundaries Of the Amygdalamentioning

confidence: 99%

Postnatal development of the amygdala: A stereological study in rats

Chareyron

Lavenex

2012

J of Comparative Neurology

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The amygdala is the central component of a functional brain system regulating fear and emotional behaviors. Studies of the ontogeny of fear behaviors reveal the emergence of distinct fear responses at different postnatal ages. Here, we performed a stereological analysis of the rat amygdala to characterize the cellular changes underlying its normal structural development. Distinct amygdala nuclei exhibited different patterns of postnatal development, which were largely similar to those we have previously shown in monkeys. The combined volume of the lateral, basal, and accessory basal nuclei increased by 113% from 1 to 3 weeks of age and by an additional 33% by 7 months of age. The volume of the central nucleus increased only 37% from 1 to 2 weeks of age and 38% from 2 weeks to 7 months. At 1 week of age, the medial nucleus was 77% of the 7-monthold's volume and exhibited a constant, marginal increase until 7 months. Neuron number did not differ in the amygdala from 1 week to 7 months of age. In contrast, astrocyte number decreased from 3 weeks to 2 months of age in the whole amygdala. Oligodendrocyte number increased in all amygdala nuclei from 3 weeks to 7 months of age. Our findings revealed that distinct amygdala nuclei exhibit different developmental profiles and that the rat amygdala is not fully mature for an extended period postnatally. We identified different periods of postnatal development of distinct amygdala nuclei and cellular components, which are concomitant with the ontogeny of different fear and emotional behaviors.

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“…The amygdala receives significant olfactory information from the olfactory bulb and posterior piriform cortex, with minor input from the anterior piriform cortex, with all odor input eventually converging on the amygdala's cortical nucleus and on to the amygdala's basolateral complex (Krettek and Price 1978;Ottersen 1982;Luskin and Price 1983;Savander et al 1996;McDonald 1998;Swanson and Petrovich 1998;Sah et al 2003). Several lines of evidence indicate that in adult rats, the amygdala plays a crucial role in both fear conditioning and odor-LiCl conditioning (Bermudez-Rattoni et al 1986;Ferry and Di Scala 1997;LeDoux 2000;Gale et al 2004;Touzani and Sclafani 2005).…”

Section: Amygdala Basolateral Complexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ontogeny of odor-LiCl vs. odor-shock learning: Similar behaviors but divergent ages of functional amygdala emergence

Raineki¹,

Shionoya²,

Sander³

et al. 2009

Learn. Mem.

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Both odor-preference and odor-aversion learning occur in perinatal pups before the maturation of brain structures that support this learning in adults. To characterize the development of odor learning, we compared three learning paradigms: (1) odor-LiCl (0.3M; 1% body weight, ip) and (2) odor-1.2-mA shock (hindlimb, 1sec)-both of which consistently produce odor-aversion learning throughout life and (3) odor-0.5-mA shock, which produces an odor preference in early life but an odor avoidance as pups mature. Pups were trained at postnatal day (PN) 7-8, 12-13, or 23-24, using odor-LiCl and two odor-shock conditioning paradigms of odor-0.5-mA shock and odor-1.2-mA shock. Here we show that in the youngest pups (PN7-8), odor-preference learning was associated with activity in the anterior piriform (olfactory) cortex, while odor-aversion learning was associated with activity in the posterior piriform cortex. At PN12-13, when all conditioning paradigms produced an odor aversion, the odor-0.5-mA shock, odor-1.2-mA shock, and odor-LiCl all continued producing learning-associated changes in the posterior piriform cortex. However, only odor-0.5-mA shock induced learning-associated changes within the basolateral amygdala. At weaning (PN23-24), all learning paradigms produced learning-associated changes in the posterior piriform cortex and basolateral amygdala complex. These results suggest at least two basic principles of the development of the neurobiology of learning: (1) Learning that appears similar throughout development can be supported by neural systems showing very robust developmental changes, and (2) the emergence of amygdala function depends on the learning protocol and reinforcement condition being assessed.Even in utero, infant rats rapidly learn to avoid odors paired with malaise (LiCl) as expressed by learning an odor aversion (Garcia et al. 1966(Garcia et al. , 1974Hennessey et al. 1976;Haroutunian and Campbell 1979;Smotherman 1982;Stickrod et al. 1982;Rudy and Cheatle 1983;Kucharski and Spear 1984;Smotherman and Robinson 1985, 1990;Alleva and Calamandrei 1986;Miller et al. 1990b; Best 1992, 1993;Richardson and McNally 2003;Gruest et al. 2004;Shionoya et al. 2006). In contrast to adult odor-LiCl learning, which relies on the amygdala (Touzani and Sclafani 2005), this early-life, odoraversion learning relies on the olfactory bulb until the pup approaches weaning age, when the amygdala is incorporated into the learning circuitry (Shionoya et al. 2006). In contrast, if infant rats receive an odor paired with a moderately painful stimulus (0.5-mA foot or tail shock, or tail pinch) the amygdala appears to be incorporated into this learning circuitry around postnatal day Here we expand assessment of the developing pups' odoraversion learning circuit by including the anterior and posterior piriform cortex, which have previously been demonstrated to be important for both pup and adult odor learning (Litaudon et al. 1997;Barkai and Saar 2001;Mouly et al. 2001;Mouly and Gervais 2002;Tronel and Sara 2002;Moriceau and Su...

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Intrinsic connections of the rat amygdaloid complex: Projections originating in the accessory basal nucleus

Cited by 71 publications

References 39 publications

The Amygdaloid Complex: Anatomy and Physiology

The Amygdaloid Complex: Anatomy and Physiology

Postnatal development of the amygdala: A stereological study in rats

Ontogeny of odor-LiCl vs. odor-shock learning: Similar behaviors but divergent ages of functional amygdala emergence

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