The Amygdaloid Complex: Anatomy and Physiology

Sah, Pankaj; Faber, E. S. L.; Armentia, Mikel López de; Power, John M.

doi:10.1152/physrev.00002.2003

Cited by 1,445 publications

(1,470 citation statements)

References 286 publications

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“…Whole‐brain iFC analysis revealed dissociable BLA and CMA connectivity profiles with a distributed set of cortical and subcortical territories, consistent with established models of amygdaloid circuitry [LeDoux, 2007; Qin et al, 2012; Roy et al, 2009; Sah et al, 2003] (Fig. 1F).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Notwithstanding their myriad functions, these interconnected cortical regions seem to serve as key nodes within the so‐called default mode network (DMN), whose network function putatively supports internally and externally directed sociocognitive processes [Andrews‐Hanna et al, 2010; Li et al, 2014]. Though the CMA is not part of the canonical DMN, it is in close contact with core DMN regions (both functionally and structurally) [Bienkowski and Rinaman, 2013; Bzdok et al, 2013; Keifer et al, 2015; Pessoa, 2011; Sah et al, 2003], and may as such impact its network function. In fact, amygdalar interactions with frontal and parietal DMN nodes reported here are deemed crucial for representing and regulating socioemotional states [Fang et al, 2013; Li et al, 2014; Lieberman, 2007; Sheline et al, 2009], allowing affective coloring of core DMN functions such as self‐other distinction, theory of mind, and internal reflection [Andrews‐Hanna, 2012; Li et al, 2014; Lieberman, 2007; Shaw et al, 2004].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These intrinsic brain networks are relatively stable across participants and time [Smith et al, 2009], correspond spatially with well‐known functional networks [Smith et al, 2009], and can signal abnormal brain function and psychopathology [Greicius, 2008]. Employing iFC analysis, dissociable BLA and CMA connectivity profiles were recently documented in healthy adults and adolescents [Gabard‐Durnam et al, 2014; Qin et al, 2012; Roy et al, 2009], consistent with animal models of amygdaloid circuitry [Ghashghaei and Barbas, 2002; Keifer et al, 2015; LeDoux, 2007; Pessoa, 2011; Sah et al, 2003]. Further echoing earlier animal work, these iFC profiles were shown to undergo extensive age‐dependent changes, with BLA and CMA connectivity becoming increasingly segregated and specialized during the transition from adolescence to adulthood [Qin et al, 2012].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…The BLA receives information from multiple brain systems and is a site of integration with cortical territories, including those that regulate socioemotional functions [Bzdok et al, 2013; Ghashghaei and Barbas, 2002; LeDoux, 2007; Pessoa, 2011; Sah et al, 2003]. It contributes greatly to the perception, evaluation, and memory formation of emotionally salient events [Davis and Whalen, 2001; LeDoux, 2007; Moul et al, 2012].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It contributes greatly to the perception, evaluation, and memory formation of emotionally salient events [Davis and Whalen, 2001; LeDoux, 2007; Moul et al, 2012]. The CMA, in contrast, is less heavily integrated with cortical circuits, though its thalamic and insular connections do allow for cortical crosstalks that seemingly shape early information processing [Bienkowski and Rinaman, 2013; Bzdok et al, 2013; Ghashghaei and Barbas, 2002; Keifer et al, 2015; Pessoa, 2011; Sah et al, 2003]. It is the primary output site of the amygdala, and orchestrates behavioral and physiological aspects of emotion processing and associative learning via its projections to the brainstem, cerebellum, and hypothalamus [Davis and Whalen, 2001; LeDoux, 2007; Moul et al, 2012].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Dissociable relations between amygdala subregional networks and psychopathy trait dimensions in conduct‐disordered juvenile offenders

Aghajani

Colins

Klapwijk

et al. 2016

Human Brain Mapping

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Psychopathy is a serious psychiatric phenomenon characterized by a pathological constellation of affective (e.g., callous, unemotional), interpersonal (e.g., manipulative, egocentric), and behavioral (e.g., impulsive, irresponsible) personality traits. Though amygdala subregional defects are suggested in psychopathy, the functionality and connectivity of different amygdala subnuclei is typically disregarded in neurocircuit‐level analyses of psychopathic personality. Hence, little is known of how amygdala subregional networks may contribute to psychopathy and its underlying trait assemblies in severely antisocial people. We addressed this important issue by uniquely examining the intrinsic functional connectivity of basolateral (BLA) and centromedial (CMA) amygdala networks in relation to affective, interpersonal, and behavioral traits of psychopathy, in conduct‐disordered juveniles with a history of serious delinquency (N = 50, mean age = 16.83 ± 1.32). As predicted, amygdalar connectivity profiles exhibited dissociable relations with different traits of psychopathy. Interpersonal psychopathic traits not only related to increased connectivity of BLA and CMA with a corticostriatal network formation accommodating reward processing, but also predicted stronger CMA connectivity with a network of cortical midline structures supporting sociocognitive processes. In contrast, affective psychopathic traits related to diminished CMA connectivity with a frontolimbic network serving salience processing and affective responding. Finally, behavioral psychopathic traits related to heightened BLA connectivity with a frontoparietal cluster implicated in regulatory executive functioning. We suggest that these trait‐specific shifts in amygdalar connectivity could be particularly relevant to the psychopathic phenotype, as they may fuel a self‐centered, emotionally cold, and behaviorally disinhibited profile. Hum Brain Mapp 37:4017–4033, 2016. © 2016 The Authors Human Brain Mapping Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Dissociable relations between amygdala subregional networks and psychopathy trait dimensions in conduct‐disordered juvenile offenders

Aghajani

Colins

Klapwijk

et al. 2016

Human Brain Mapping

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Localization of Deformations Within the Amygdala in Individuals With Psychopathy

Yang

Raine²,

Narr³

et al. 2009

Arch Gen Psychiatry

226

162

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Context Despite the repeated findings of impaired fear conditioning and affective recognition in psychopathic individuals, there has been a paucity of brain imaging research on the amygdala and no evidence suggesting which regions within the amygdala may be structurally compromised in individuals with psychopathy. Objective To detect global and regional anatomical abnormalities in the amygdala in individuals with psychopathy. Design Cross-sectional design using structural magnetic resonance imaging. Setting Participants were recruited from high-risk communities (temporary employment agencies) in the Los Angeles, California, area and underwent imaging at a hospital research facility at the University of Southern California. Participants Twenty-seven psychopathic individuals as defined by the Hare Psychopathy Checklist–Revised and 32 normal controls matched on age, sex, and ethnicity. Main Outcome Measures Amygdala volumes were examined using traditional volumetric analyses and surface-based mesh modeling methods were used to localize regional surface deformations. Results Individuals with psychopathy showed significant bilateral volume reductions in the amygdala compared with controls (left, 17.1%; right, 18.9%). Surface deformations were localized in regions in the approximate vicinity of the basolateral, lateral, cortical, and central nuclei of the amygdala. Significant correlations were found between reduced amygdala volumes and increased total and facet psychopathy scores, with correlations strongest for the affective and interpersonal facets of psychopathy. Conclusions Results provide the first evidence, to our knowledge, of focal amygdala abnormalities in psychopathic individuals and corroborate findings from previous lesion studies. Findings support prior hypotheses of amygdala deficits in individuals with psychopathy and indicate that amygdala abnormalities contribute to emotional and behavioral symptoms of psychopathy.

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Laterobasal Amygdalar Enlargement in 6- to 7-Year-Old Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder

Kim¹,

Lyoo²,

Estes³

et al. 2010

Arch Gen Psychiatry

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The Amygdaloid Complex: Anatomy and Physiology

Cited by 1,445 publications

References 286 publications

Dissociable relations between amygdala subregional networks and psychopathy trait dimensions in conduct‐disordered juvenile offenders

Dissociable relations between amygdala subregional networks and psychopathy trait dimensions in conduct‐disordered juvenile offenders

Localization of Deformations Within the Amygdala in Individuals With Psychopathy

Laterobasal Amygdalar Enlargement in 6- to 7-Year-Old Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder

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