Intrinsic antibiotic resistance: Mechanisms, origins, challenges and solutions

Cox, Georgina; Wright, Gerard D.

doi:10.1016/j.ijmm.2013.02.009

Cited by 508 publications

(393 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…Additionally, Mydryk [9]; Toth et al [17]; Cox and Wright [4] have all previously reported bacterial resistance against ampicillin, gentamicin, erythromycin, tetracycline and ciprofloxacin at different times. The reason why some of these E. coli isolates showed high level of resistance to the antimicrobial agents used is an indication that these antibiotics have been abused, hence the possibility they have acquired resistance.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Escherichia Coli Isolates from Clinical Sources at Tertiary Health Care Setting, Ile Ife, South Western Nigeria

Omololu-Aso¹,

Omololu-Aso²,

Adekanye³

et al. 2017

Eur J Exp Bio

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Antimicrobial resistance is majorly an issue of public health concern. The aim of this study is to isolate and identify Escherichia coli from samples of stool and urine obtained from the clinical settings at Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex, Ile-Ife, and to determine their antibiotics susceptibility patterns. Nineteen (19) of stools and 22 of urine samples were analysed using standard microbiological and biochemical techniques and 11 pure isolates were obtained comprised of 5 (12,2%) isolates from urine and 6 (14,6%) isolates from stool. Antibiotics susceptibility studies were conducted using Kirby and Bauer disc diffusion method, and the results were determined using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guides.The studies showed that all the E. coli isolated were 100% resistant to augmentin, gentamycin, streptomycin, tetracyclin and chloramphenicol, and 90.90% resistant to oflaxin, sparfloxacin, and amoxycillin while the isolates were susceptible tociprofloxacin (26.33%), and pefloxacin (45.46%).Effective hygiene must be encouraged and indiscriminate usage of antibiotic must be avoided in the study area.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In developing countries, because of diarrhea associated infection, 2.2 million people die every year and annually, 130-175 million patients suffer uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) worldwide and more than 80% of them are due to E. coli [2][3][4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Escherichia Coli Isolates from Clinical Sources at Tertiary Health Care Setting, Ile Ife, South Western Nigeria

Omololu-Aso¹,

Omololu-Aso²,

Adekanye³

et al. 2017

Eur J Exp Bio

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“…(4) To what extent does biocide treatment influence transfer of resistance genes? (5) To what extent does adaptation of bacteria to biocides influence the viability of bacteria and their resistance to antimicrobial agents?…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic use and resistance in animals: Belgian initiatives

Daeseleire¹,

Graef

Rasschaert³

et al. 2016

Drug Testing and Analysis

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The widespread use of antibiotics in animals is causing concerns about the growing risk for development and the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Antibiotic consumption is higher in animals than in humans as reported in a joint publication of EFSA (European Food Safety Agency), ECDC (European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control), and EMA (European Medicines Agency) using data from 2011 and 2012. Both in humans and animals, positive associations between the consumption of antibiotics and resistant bacteria are observed. Responsible use of antibiotics in humans and animals should therefore be promoted. In this paper some general aspects of antibiotic resistance such as microbiological versus clinical resistance, intrinsic versus acquired resistance, resistance mechanisms, and transfer of resistance are briefly introduced. In 2012, the Belgian Center of Expertise on Antimicrobial Consumption and Resistance in Animals (AMCRA) was founded. Its mission is to collect and analyze all data related to antibiotic use and resistance in animals in Belgium and to communicate these findings in a neutral and objective manner. One of AMCRA's 10 objectives is a 50% reduction in antibiotic consumption in veterinary medicine in Belgium by 2020. The aim of this paper is to report on the achievements of this national project. The Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO, Merelbeke-Melle), in collaboration with Ghent University, is currently working on three nationally funded projects on antibiotic resistance in animal husbandry. In the first project, an in vitro model is used to study the influence of low antibiotic concentrations due to carry-over after production and usage of medicated feed on the development of resistance in the pig gut. Part of that project is to develop a quantitative risk assessment model. A second project focuses on tracking excreted antibiotics used in pig rearing and their influence on the development of antibiotic resistance in pig manure and the environment. In the last project, the relation between the use of biocides in animal husbandry and antibiotic resistance development are being studied. Copyright

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“…The human body is host to many differing bacteria, which live without causing infection (Cox & Wright, 2013). Bacteria are equipped with protective mechanisms against the body's immune system, inflammation, and antibiotics .…”

Section: Effects In Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bacteria are also naturally resistant to specific antibiotic types, due to intrinsic protective mechanisms (Cox & Wright, 2013). Gram negative bacteria, which have a protective outer membrane, are naturally resistant to antibiotics aimed at gram positive bacteria, and as a result, have limited permeability (Cox & Wright, 2013).…”

Section: Effects In Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shared decision making in primary care: barriers and facilitators of shared decision making in the context of decreasing the use of unnecessary antibiotics for preschool children ages 3-5 with upper respiratory tract infections

Raiser¹

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Intrinsic antibiotic resistance: Mechanisms, origins, challenges and solutions

Cited by 508 publications

References 79 publications

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Escherichia Coli Isolates from Clinical Sources at Tertiary Health Care Setting, Ile Ife, South Western Nigeria

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Escherichia Coli Isolates from Clinical Sources at Tertiary Health Care Setting, Ile Ife, South Western Nigeria

Antibiotic use and resistance in animals: Belgian initiatives

Shared decision making in primary care: barriers and facilitators of shared decision making in the context of decreasing the use of unnecessary antibiotics for preschool children ages 3-5 with upper respiratory tract infections

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