Intravenous Urography: Technique and Interpretation

Dyer, Raymond B.; Chen, Michael Y. M.; Zagoria, Ronald J.

doi:10.1148/radiographics.21.4.g01jl26799

Cited by 58 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…Nonetheless, the evaluation of the lumen of the upper urinary tract and its urethelial lining by means of MDCTU remains a matter of ongoing discussion. Standard IVU protocols historically consist of multiple acquisitions: nephro-graphic (1-3 min after contrast application), KUB (kidneys, ureters and bladder, 5 min after contrast injection) and pyelo-graphic and ureterbladder (10 and 15 min after contrast administration), respectively [16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MDCT urography: retrospective determination of optimal delay time after intravenous contrast administration

Meindl¹,

Coppenrath²,

Kahlil³

et al. 2006

Eur Radiol

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The optimal delay time after intravenous (i.v.) administration of contrast medium (CM) for opacification of the upper urinary tract (UUT) for multidetector computed tomography urography (MDCTU) was investigated. UUT opacification was retrospectively evaluated in 36 four-row MDCTU examinations. Single- (n=10) or dual-phase (n=26) MDCTU was performed with at least 5-min delay after i.v. CM. UUT was divided into four sections: intrarenal collecting system (IRCS), proximal, middle and distal ureter. Two independent readers rated UUT opacification: 1, none; 2, partial; 3, complete. Numbers and percentages of scores, and the 5%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 95% percentiles of delay time were calculated for each UUT section. After removing diseased segments, 344 segments were analysed. IRCS, proximal and middle ureter were completely opacified in 94% (81/86), 93% (80/86) and 77% (66/86) of cases, respectively. Median delay time was 15 min for complete opacification. The distal ureter was completely opacified in 37% (32/86) of cases and not opacified in 26% (22/86). Median delay time for complete opacification was 11 min with 25% and 75% percentiles of 10 and 16 min, respectively. At MDCTU, opacification of the IRCS, proximal and middle ureter was hardly sensitive to delay time. Delay times between 10 and 16 min were favourable in the distal ureter.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MDCT urography: retrospective determination of optimal delay time after intravenous contrast administration

Meindl¹,

Coppenrath²,

Kahlil³

et al. 2006

Eur Radiol

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“…Abdominal compression is not applicable in patients with abdominal aorta aneurysm, suspicion of renal trauma and abdominal pain, and previous abdominal surgery in the recent past [12]. IV saline is contraindicated in heart failure, and furosemide is contraindicated in hypotensive patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Prone and Supine Positioning on Computed Tomography Urography Examination

et al. 2018

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Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of performing computed tomography (CT) urogram in the prone position in terms of diagnosis. Methods: CT urograms of 208 patients imaged randomly in the prone and supine positions were included in this study. A total of 199 patients and 370 collecting systems were examined in total. Axial raw data and reconstructed coronal thin and thick MIP images with a slice thickness of 5 mm were evaluated by 2 independent radiologists blinded to the initial diagnosis. Renal collecting system, ureters, and bladder were included in radiological evaluation. Anatomically, the renal collecting system was separated into 7 regions. Filling and dilatation of collecting systems were evaluated via images at urogram phase by scoring. Results: Filling in lower pole infundibulum (p = 0.006), distal ureter (p = 0.006); and highly dilated lower pole calyx (p = 0.020), pelvis (p = 0.006), and bladder (p < 0.001) were determined to be better in images in the prone position compared to the supine position. There were no statistical differences in other regions. Conclusion: Better contrast material filling is achieved in dilated or non-dilated lower pole collecting system, dilated renal pelvis, non-dilated distal ureter of kidney, and in the bladder only by imaging the urogram phase in the prone position compared to the supine position. Additionally, presence of dilatation is a factor that could adversely affect filling. Studies in the future may investigate the contribution of prone positioning to CT urogram with larger series comparing it with other methods and modalities.

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“…Using IVU in conjunction with other imaging modalities, like ultrasound and computed tomography, increases the accuracy of both diagnostic tests and surgical planning decisions [2] . The information gathered is used as a guidance in further treatment plan for the patient.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The common indications for performing IVU include hematuria, pre-or post-therapeutic evaluation of renal stone disease, chronic infections, tumor, trauma and malformations of the urinary tract [1][2][3][4] . Details of the standard film sequence during the IVU imaging modality have been reported with optional images associated with each sequence [1,5] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Value of Kidney-Ureter-Bladder Radiography in the Erect Position in Addition to Standard Intravenous Urography Examination

Saeed¹,

Al-Saeed

Athyal

et al. 2009

Med Princ Pract

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Objectives: To determine if additional kidney-ureter-bladder radiography in the erect position can improve the diagnostic yield of standard intravenous urography (IVU) examination. Subjects and Methods: This prospective study was conducted from March to July 2007 on 108 consecutive patients (65 males and 43 females, age ranging from 20 to 50 years) who were referred to the Department of Radiology, Al-Amiri Hospital, Kuwait, for IVU examinations. After 15 min, a film was done in the erect position in addition to the routine IVU protocol. Results: Additional information was demonstrated in the erect radiograph as follows: detecting nephroptosis in 18 (17%) patients, improved visualization of the ureters in 58 (54%) patients, and differentiation between phleboliths and ureteric stone was possible in 12 (11%) patients. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated significant additional findings in the erect position (at 15 min) compared to the supine position.

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Intravenous Urography: Technique and Interpretation

Cited by 58 publications

References 26 publications

MDCT urography: retrospective determination of optimal delay time after intravenous contrast administration

MDCT urography: retrospective determination of optimal delay time after intravenous contrast administration

Effect of Prone and Supine Positioning on Computed Tomography Urography Examination

Value of Kidney-Ureter-Bladder Radiography in the Erect Position in Addition to Standard Intravenous Urography Examination

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