Intravenous cocaine and heroin self-administration in rats selectively bred for differential saccharin intake: phenotype and sex differences

Carroll, Marilyn E.; Morgan, Andrew D.; Lynch, Wendy J.; Campbell, Una C.; Dess, Nancy K.

doi:10.1007/s00213-002-1030-5

Cited by 218 publications

(240 citation statements)

References 82 publications

(103 reference statements)

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“…Lower unit doses might have revealed more subtle differences with respect to acquisition (Carroll et al, 2002). Motor activation in response to novel stressors and experimentally elevated levels of transcription factors in the striatum correlate well with rapid acquisition of 'low dose' cocaine self-administration behavior (Piazza et al, 2000;Mantsch et al, 2001;Colby et al, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brief Social Defeat Stress: Long Lasting Effects on Cocaine Taking During a Binge and Zif268 mRNA Expression in the Amygdala and Prefrontal Cortex

Covington

Kikusui

Goodhue

et al. 2004

Neuropsychopharmacol

110

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Social stress can engender behavioral and neural sensitization and this process appears to enhance the transition to compulsive drug abuse. Exposures to brief social defeat stress in rats have significant consequences on cocaine-reinforced behavior and on the level of functional activation within regions of the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system. The objectives of the current study were to examine the enduring consequences of brief episodes of social defeat stress on cocaine bingeing (during 24 h of continuous access) and on the emergence of neural adaptations as revealed by zif268 immediate early gene expression. Adult, male Long-Evans rats were subjected to four 25 min episodes of social defeat (once every 72 h). After 2 months, cocaine binges or zif268 mRNA gene expression were studied after confirming behavioral cross-sensitization to stimulant challenge. Sensitization to social defeat increased cocaine intake during a 24 h binge, effectively abolishing the typical circadian pattern of intake. Furthermore, 60 days after exposure to the sensitizing regimen of social defeat, levels of functional activation, measured by zif268 mRNA expression, in the central and medial amygdala were increased, while levels of activation in the medial prefrontal cortex were decreased. Persistent stress-induced levels of zif268 in the central and medial amygdala were attenuated by an injection of amphetamine (1.0 mg/kg). Divergent changes in zif268 within the amygdala and cortex 2 months after social defeat stress indicate the vulnerability of distinct cellular populations in networks that modulate the behavioral actions of psychomotor stimulants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brief Social Defeat Stress: Long Lasting Effects on Cocaine Taking During a Binge and Zif268 mRNA Expression in the Amygdala and Prefrontal Cortex

Covington

Kikusui

Goodhue

et al. 2004

Neuropsychopharmacol

110

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“…Female rats show greater behavioral sensitization after repeated cocaine injections than do male rats (Glick et al, 1984;van Haaren et al, 1991;Chin et al, 2002;Hu et al, 2003). They also acquire cocaine self-administration more readily than male rats (Lynch et al, 1999;Lynch et al, 2001;Carroll et al, 2002;Hu et al, 2004).…”

mentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Estradiol (E) is thought to modulate the reinforcing effects of cocaine (Roberts et al, 1989;Grimm et al, 1997;Lynch et al, 2000;Lynch et al, 2001;Carroll et al, 2002;Hu et al, 2004;Jackson et al, 2006). For example, female rats will work harder for cocaine during estrus than during other phases of the estrous cycle (Roberts et al, 1989;Carroll et al, 2002) and E treatment given to ovariectomized (OVX) rats enhances the motivation to self-administer cocaine (Becker et al, 2007).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, female rats will work harder for cocaine during estrus than during other phases of the estrous cycle (Roberts et al, 1989;Carroll et al, 2002) and E treatment given to ovariectomized (OVX) rats enhances the motivation to self-administer cocaine (Becker et al, 2007). When various doses of cocaine are available, female rats choose higher doses of cocaine during estrus than during other phases of the estrous cycle (Lynch et al, 2000).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Acquisition of cocaine self-administration in ovariectomized female rats: Effect of estradiol dose or chronic estradiol administration

Becker

2008

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

123

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This study was conducted to investigate whether the dose of estradiol (E) administered acutely, or chronic delivery of one dose of E impacts acquisition and subsequent cocaine self-administration in ovariectomized (OVX) female rats. Five groups of female rats were compared: OVX females treated with 0, 1, 2, or 5 µg 17 β-E, 30 min prior to the self-administration session, and OVX rats that received a 1.5 mg E pellet (designed to chronically release 25 µg E/d X 60 d) implanted 1 week before cocaine self-administration initiation. Rats were tested in 1 hr sessions on a FR1 schedule with the dose of cocaine increasing every week (testing occurred 5 day/wk; doses: 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 and 0.75 mg/kg/ infusion). We report that OVX rats treated with 2 µg E acquired self-administration more rapidly than all of the other groups, and animals that received 1 or 2 µg E self-administered significantly more cocaine compared to OVX+vehicle at 0.3 and 0.4 mg/kg/infusion. In contrast, OVX rats given 5 µg E acutely, or chronic E via slow-release pellets did not take more cocaine than the OVX+vehicle group at any time point. Physiological serum concentrations of E were seen with 1 or 2 µg E, but 5 µg E and the E pellet produced supra-physiological concentrations. These results suggest an inverted U-shaped dose-response curve for the effect of E on acquisition of cocaine self-administration.

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“…Our laboratory and others have shown that indirect dopamine agonists like cocaine induce greater behavioral (Bowman and Kuhn, 1996;Walker et al, 2001a) and neuroendocrine (Walker et al, 2001b) effects in female than male rats. Female rats trained to self-administer cocaine on a progressive ratio schedule have higher break points than males (Roberts et al, 1987;Carroll et al, 2002), and acquisition, maintenance and reinstatement of cocaine self-administration are greater in female rats Carroll, 1999, 2000;Hu et al, 2004). However, Caine et al (2004) using a relatively hightraining dose of cocaine found that male rats acquired self-administration earlier than females.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Sex Differences in Neurochemical Effects of Dopaminergic Drugs in Rat Striatum

Walker

Ray

Kuhn

2005

Neuropsychopharmacol

119

106

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Previous data indicate that dopamine neurotransmission is differently regulated in male and female rats. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the dopamine transporter and autoreceptor as potential loci responsible for this sex difference. Fast cyclic voltammetry at carbon-fiber microelectrodes was used to monitor changes in electrically evoked levels of extracellular dopamine in the striata of anesthetized male and female rats before and after administration of an uptake inhibitor, a dopamine D 2 antagonist, or a D 3 /D 2 agonist. Administration of 40 mg/kg cocaine ip increased electrically-evoked extracellular dopamine concentrations in both sexes, but to a significantly greater extent in female striatum at the higher stimulation frequencies. The typical antipsychotic, haloperidol, increased dopamine efflux in both sexes but the effect was twice as large in the female striatum. The D 3 /D 2 agonist quinpirole induced an unexpected, transient increase in dopamine efflux following high-frequency stimulation only in females, and evoked dopamine was higher in females across this entire time course. More detailed analysis of cocaine effects revealed no fundamental sex differences in the interaction of cocaine with DAT in vivo or in synaptosomes. These results indicate that nigrostriatal dopamine neurotransmission in the female rat is more tightly regulated by autoreceptor and transporter mechanisms, perhaps related by greater autoreceptor control of DAT activity. Thus, baseline sex differences in striatal dopamine regulation induce different pharmacologic responses. These results contribute to understanding sex differences in stimulant-induced locomotor activity in rats and may have broader implications for neurologic disorders and their pharmacotherapies in humans.

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Intravenous cocaine and heroin self-administration in rats selectively bred for differential saccharin intake: phenotype and sex differences

Cited by 218 publications

References 82 publications

Brief Social Defeat Stress: Long Lasting Effects on Cocaine Taking During a Binge and Zif268 mRNA Expression in the Amygdala and Prefrontal Cortex

Brief Social Defeat Stress: Long Lasting Effects on Cocaine Taking During a Binge and Zif268 mRNA Expression in the Amygdala and Prefrontal Cortex

Acquisition of cocaine self-administration in ovariectomized female rats: Effect of estradiol dose or chronic estradiol administration

Sex Differences in Neurochemical Effects of Dopaminergic Drugs in Rat Striatum

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