Intrauterine smoke exposure: a new risk factor for bronchopulmonary dysplasia?

Abstract

Prolonged mechanical ventilation, RDS and low gestational age were the major BPD determinants. Intrauterine smoke exposure seems to influence independently BPD development.

The association between environmental tobacco smoke exposure and childhood respiratory disease: a review

“…This was mediated by down regulation of nicotinic receptors that in turn regulate other factors (hypoxia-inducible factor-1) involved in apoptosis control and angiogenesis in the developing fetal lung, which may explain the effects of ETS exposure on BPD [76]. In very low birth weight infants, intrauterine smoke exposure was also found to be an independent risk factor for BPD (OR 2.21; 95% CI 1.03–4.76) [77]. More recently, a case-control study looking at the respiratory outcomes of preterm infants with and without BPD exposed to both in utero smoking (IUS) and postnatal ETS showed that infants with BPD on home oxygen had the highest exposure to both [78].…”

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: The Role of Oxidative Stress

“…Factors linked to BPD include: 1) low gestational age at birth (Kraybill et al, 1989;Darlow & Horwood, 1992;Antonucci et al, 2004;Ambalavanan & Novak, 2003), 2) low birth weight (Darlow & Horwood, 1992;Hakulinenet al, 1988;Avery et al, 1987;Ambalavanan et al, 2008), 3) growth restriction (small for gestational age) (Durrmeyer X et al, 2011;Lal Mk et al, 2003;Zeitlin J et al, 2010), 4) male sex (Kraybill et al, 1989;Darlow & Horwood, 1992;Ambalavanan & Novak, 2003;Avery et al, 1987), and 5) white race (Avery et al, 1987;Palta et al, 1991). In a recent cohort, BPD affected 85% of infants born at 22 weeks' gestation vs. 23% of those born at 28 weeks' (Stoll et al, 2010).…”

Lung Diseases - Selected State of the Art Reviews

“…Factors linked to BPD include: 1) low gestational age at birth Darlow & Horwood, 1992;Antonucci et al, 2004;Ambalavanan & Novak, 2003), 2) low birth weight (Darlow & Horwood, 1992;Hakulinenet al, 1988;Avery et al, 1987;Ambalavanan et al, 2008), 3) growth restriction (small for gestational age) (Durrmeyer X et al, 2011;Lal Mk et al, 2003;Zeitlin J et al, 2010), 4) male sex Darlow & Horwood, 1992;Ambalavanan & Novak, 2003;Avery et al, 1987), and 5) white race (Avery et al, 1987;Palta et al, 1991). In a recent cohort, BPD affected 85% of infants born at 22 weeks' gestation vs. 23% of those born at 28 weeks' (Stoll et al, 2010).…”