“…The pharmacological and pharmacokinetic properties of different ginsenosides differ depending on their ginsenoside monomers (Nag et al, ; Zheng et al, ). Several ginsenosides, such as Rb1, Rc, Rd, Rf, Rg1, and Rg3, have been suggested to differentially modulate pain behaviors in various pain animal models (Choi, Han, Han, Lee, & Suh, ; Park et al, ; Shin et al, ; Yoon et al, ). However, the possible modulatory effect of individual ginsenosides on pain behaviors is not consistent among studies (Choi et al, ; Park et al, ).…”