Intrathecal Fentanyl With Small-Dose Dilute Bupivacaine

A Comparison of Spinal Anesthesia with Levobupivacaine and Hyperbaric Bupivacaine for Cesarean Sections: A Randomized Trial

“…Fentanyl is widely used to increase the duration of analgesia without increasing the duration of motor block, and to reduce required local anesthetic dosage [24]. Choi et al [25] reported that the combination of 8 mg bupivacaine and 10 μg fentanyl is as efficient as 12 mg of hyperbaric bupivacaine.…”

A randomized trial of crystalloid versus colloid solution for prevention of hypotension during spinal or low-dose combined spinal-epidural anesthesia for elective cesarean delivery

“…19 However, numerous recent studies have reported that a combination of opioids and local anesthetics permits the local anesthetic dose to be significantly reduced. 20,21 The combined spinalepidural technique has gained increasing popularity because of its selected advantages of both spinal and epidural anesthesia. 22 It provides the rapid onset and dense block of spinal analgesia, and combined epidural injection functions as a back-up for an inadequate spinal surgical block and even offers extended duration of epidural anesthesia.…”

Spinal anaesthesia for brachytherapy for carcinoma of the cervix: a comparison of two dose regimens of hyperbaric bupivacaine

“…[2][3][4][5][6] Using this information, power analysis was calculated using the statistical package Stata ® /IC 12.1 (StataCorp, USA), that 18 patients would be needed in each group at an alpha level of 0.05 and a beta value of 0.90 to detect this difference. We decided to enrol 20 patients in each group to minimise the possibility of a beta error.…”