Intraspecific Variation in the Reproductive Capacity of Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae)

Suleman, Mohammad

doi:10.1093/jmedent/27.5.819

Cited by 30 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…albopictus also suggest that the average female only matures a single batch of eggs in the wild (Hawley 1988). Although other species have shown a positive relationship between the number of eggs from the first gonotrophic cycle and lifetime fecundity (Shuleman 1990), early fecundity (first gonotrophic cycle) and residual reproduction (all other reproduction) in our study were very weakly correlated (r = 0.085), indicating that initial reproductive investment is a very poor predictor of lifetime fecundity. Although reproduction of laboratory populations cannot be easily extrapolated to field conditions, and there are potential artifacts of laboratory environments (e.g., egg retention due to limited choice of oviposition sites, accidental deaths, restricted movement); nevertheless, the weak relationship between early fecundity and lifetime fecundity of Ae.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 88%

Geographic Variation in Adult Survival and Reproductive Tactics of the Mosquito Aedes albopictus

Leisnham¹,

Sala²,

Juliano

2008

Journal of Medical Entomology

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Climate differences across latitude can result in seasonal constraints and selection on life history characters. Since Aedes albopictus (Skuse) invaded North America in the mid-1980s, it has spread across a range of ≈14° latitude and populations in the north experience complete adult mortality due to cold winter temperatures that are absent in the south. Life table experiments were conducted to test for differences in the adult survival and reproductive schedules of Ae. albopictus females from two populations from the northern (Bloomington, IN [BL] and Manassas, VA [VA]; ≈39° N) and southern (Tampa, FL and Fort Myers, FL;(27)(28) extremes of the species distribution in North America. Regardless of population origin, age-specific hazard rate increased with reproductive output and decreased with number of bloodmeals. Larger females took fewer bloodmeals, and they had greater hazard rates than did smaller females. There were no consistent differences between northern versus southern populations in resource allocation between reproduction and maintenance, reproduction over time, and reproductive investment among offspring, suggesting that latitudinal variation in climate is probably not a main selective factor impinging on adult mortality and reproductive schedules. One possible effect of climate on geographic differences in life history was detected. BL had lower survivorship, lower lifetime reproductive output, and lower adult reproductive rate than did all other populations. This result may be an indirect result of lower egg survivorship due to the severity of winter in BL compared with other populations, including VA at approximately the same latitude. Such a scenario may make the BL population more prone to extinction, irregularly recolonized from more favorable sites, and thus more susceptible to founder effects, genetic drift, and inbreeding, resulting in lower mean values of fitness-related traits. Keywordslife history evolution; survival; fecundity; reproductive investmentThe Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus (Skuse), is considered medically important because it is a vector of arboviruses, including dengue, La Crosse encephalitis, and West Nile virus (Ibañez-Berñal et al. 1997, Gerhardt et al. 2001, Turell et al. 2005. Although its native range is centered on the Oriental region and India, Ae. albopictus has invaded North and South America, Europe, and Africa in the past two decades (see Juliano and Lounibos 2005, and references therein) to represent a "third wave" of worldwide spread of human disease-vector mosquitoes, after two prior waves by Aedes aegypti (L.) in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries and Culex quinquefasciatus Say in the nineteenth century (Lounibos 2002 Of fundamental importance to the invasion and spread of an organism are the temporal patterns of reproduction and survival that make up its life history (Juliano and Lounibos 2005). In many instances, energy available to organisms is limiting; thus, trade-offs occur among traits when energy is partitioned among growth, ma...

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 88%

Geographic Variation in Adult Survival and Reproductive Tactics of the Mosquito Aedes albopictus

Leisnham¹,

Sala²,

Juliano

2008

Journal of Medical Entomology

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“…Fecundity was estimated based on the number of eggs laid by females in the first gonotrophic cycle, which, according to Suleman (1990), is a prognosis of total fecundity.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of small variations in temperature and humidity on the reproductive activity and survival of Aedes aegypti (Diptera, Culicidae)

Costa¹,

Santos²,

Correia³

et al. 2010

Rev. Bras. entomol.

204

124

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ABSTRACT. Impact of small variations in temperature and humidity on the reproductive activity and survival of Aedes aegypti (Diptera, Culicidae). In short space of time increase in temperature and rainfall can affect vector populations and, consequently, the diseases for them transmitted. The present study analyzed the effect of small temperature and humidity variations on the fecundity, fertility and survival of Aedes aegypti. These parameters were analyzed using individual females at temperatures ranging from 23 to 27 °C (mean 25 °C); 28 to 32 °C (mean 30 °C) and 33 to 37 °C (mean 35 ºC) associated to 60±8% and 80±6% relative humidity. Females responded to an increase in temperature by reducing egg production, oviposition time and changing oviposition patterns. At 25 ºC and 80% relative humidity, females survived two-fold more and produced 40% more eggs when compared to those kept at 35 ºC and 80% relative humidity. However, in 45% of females kept at 35 ºC and 60% relative humidity oviposition was inhibited and only 15% females laid more than 100 eggs, suggesting that the intensity of the temperature effect was influenced by humidity. Gradual reductions in egg fertility at 60% relative humidity were observed with the increase in temperature, although such effect was not found in the 80% relative humidity at 25 º C and 30 º C. These results suggest that the reduction in population densities recorded in tropical areas during seasons when temperatures reach over 35 ºC is likely to be strongly influenced by temperature and humidity, with a negative effect on several aspects of mosquito biology.KEYWORDS. Climate changes; dengue; fecundity; fertility; mosquito. RESUMO. Impacto de pequenas variações de temperatura e umidade na atividade reprodutiva e sobrevivência de Aedes aegypti (Diptera, Culicidae). Em curto espaço de tempo, um aumento na temperatura e precipitação pode afetar a população de vetores e conseqüentemente, as doenças por eles transmitidas. Nesse estudo, analisou-se o efeito de pequenas variações na temperatura e umidade, sobre fecundidade, fertilidade e sobrevivência de Aedes aegypti. Esses parâmetros foram investigados usando-se fêmeas individuais nas temperaturas: 23-27 ° C (média 25 ° C), 28-32 ° C (média 30 ° C) e 33-37 ° C (média 35 º C) associada à umidade relativa: 60 ± 8% e 80 ± 6%. As fêmeas responderam ao aumento da temperatura com redução na produção de ovos, tempo de oviposição e mudança nos padrões de postura. A 25 º C e 80%, fêmeas sobreviveram duas vezes mais e produziram 40% mais ovos, que aquelas mantidas a 35 º C e 80%. No entanto, nos grupos a 35 º C e 60% a postura foi inibida em 45% das fêmeas e apenas 15% puseram mais de 100 ovos, sugerindo que a intensidade do efeito da temperatura seja influenciado pela umidade. Reduções graduais na fertilidade a 60% de umidade relativa foram observadas com o aumento da temperatura, embora esse efeito não tenha sido registrado na umidade de 80%, nas temperaturas de 25 º C e 30 º C. Esses resultados sugerem que a redução na densidade populaciona...

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“…However, crossing experiments between geographical strains [34]–[36] or biological forms of A. stephensi [32] have shown that these mate readily in the laboratory and produce viable offspring, with no evidence of post-copulatory barriers or male sterility in the F1 generation. Suleman et al [37] demonstrated intra-specific variation in the reproductive capacity of A. stephensi but there was no evidence that this species constituted a species complex. The mysorensis form of this species has been recognized as the main vector of malaria in southeastern Iran [38]–[39], while in India it is considered to be a rural species with poor vectorial capacity for both vivax and falciparum malaria.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Susceptibility of Different Biological Forms of Anopheles stephensi to Plasmodium berghei ANKA Strain

et al. 2013

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BackgroundThere are varying degrees of compatibility between malaria parasite-mosquito species, and understanding this compatibility may be crucial for developing effective transmission-blocking vaccines. This study investigates the compatibility of different biological forms of a malaria vector, Anopheles stephensi, to Plasmodium berghei ANKA strain.MethodsSeveral biologically different and allopatric forms of A. stephensi were studied. Three forms were isolated from different regions of southern Iran: the variety mysorensis, the intermediate form and the native type form, and an additional type form originated from India (Beech strain).The mosquitoes were experimentally infected with P. berghei to compare their susceptibility to parasitism. Anti-mosquito midgut antiserum was then raised in BALB/cs mice immunized against gut antigens from the most susceptible form of A. stephensi (Beech strain), and the efficacy of the antiserum was assessed in transmission-blocking assays conducted on the least susceptible mosquito biological form.ResultsThe susceptibility of different biological forms of A. stephensi mosquito to P. berghei was specifically inter-type varied. The Beech strain and the intermediate form were both highly susceptible to infection, with higher oocyst and sporozoite infection rates than intermediate and mysorensis forms. The oocyst infection, and particularly sporozite infection, was lowest in the mysorensis strain. Antiserum raised against midgut proteins of the Indian Beech type form blocked infection in this mosquito population, but it was ineffective at blocking both oocyst and sporozoite development in the permissive but geographically distant intermediate form mosquitoes. This suggests that a strong degree of incompatibility exists between the mosquito strains in terms of midgut protein(s) acting as putative ookinete receptors.ConclusionsThe incompatibility in the midgut protein profiles between two biological forms of A. stephensi demonstrates a well-differentiated population structure according to geographical origin. Therefore, the design of potential transmission-blocking strategies should incorporate a more thorough understanding of intra-species variations in host-parasite interactions.

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Intraspecific Variation in the Reproductive Capacity of Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae)

Cited by 30 publications

References 0 publications

Geographic Variation in Adult Survival and Reproductive Tactics of the Mosquito Aedes albopictus

Geographic Variation in Adult Survival and Reproductive Tactics of the Mosquito Aedes albopictus

Impact of small variations in temperature and humidity on the reproductive activity and survival of Aedes aegypti (Diptera, Culicidae)

Comparative Susceptibility of Different Biological Forms of Anopheles stephensi to Plasmodium berghei ANKA Strain

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