Intraseason waning of influenza vaccine protection: Evidence from the US Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Network, 2011-12 through 2014-15

Ferdinands, Jill; Fry, Alicia M.; Reynolds, Sue; Petrie, Joshua G.; Flannery, Brendan; Jackson, Michael L.; Belongia, Edward A.

doi:10.1093/cid/ciw816

Cited by 134 publications

(156 citation statements)

References 29 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

148

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In addition, VE estimates in a given season may differ depending on whether the analysis is performed early/mid-season or at the end of the season, in most cases resulting in lower end-of-season estimates [8,9]. A decrease in VE observed within a season may be due to a change in the circulating virus such as the introduction of a new clade of influenza A(H3N2) during the 2014/15 season [10], to the egg-adaptation of the vaccine influenza A(H3N2) strain [11], or to waning immunity over time [12,13]. Rapid feedback on the impact of SIV is therefore important, as it may help guide the outbreak response.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mid-season real-time estimates of seasonal influenza vaccine effectiveness in persons 65 years and older in register-based surveillance, Stockholm County, Sweden, and Finland, January 2017

Hergens

Baum²,

Brytting

et al. 2017

Eurosurveillance

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Systems for register-based monitoring of vaccine effectiveness (VE) against laboratory-confirmed influenza (LCI) in real time were set up in Stockholm County, Sweden, and Finland, before start of the 2016/17 influenza season, using population-based cohort studies. Both in Stockholm and Finland, an early epidemic of influenza A(H3N2) peaked in week 52, 2016. Already during weeks 48 to 50, analyses of influenza VE in persons 65 years and above showed moderately good estimates of around 50%, then rapidly declined by week 2, 2017 to 28% and 32% in Stockholm and Finland, respectively. The sensitivity analyses, where time since vaccination was taken into account, could not demonstrate a clear decline, neither by calendar week nor by time since vaccination. Most (68%) of the samples collected from vaccinated patients belonged to the 3C.2a1 subclade with the additional amino acid substitution T135K in haemagglutinin (64%) or to subclade 3C.2a with the additional haemagglutinin substitutions T131K and R142K (36%). The proportion of samples containing these alterations increased during the studied period. These substitutions may be responsible for viral antigenic change and part of the observed VE drop. Another possible cause is poor vaccine immunogenicity in older persons. Improved influenza vaccines are needed, especially for the elderly.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mid-season real-time estimates of seasonal influenza vaccine effectiveness in persons 65 years and older in register-based surveillance, Stockholm County, Sweden, and Finland, January 2017

Hergens

Baum²,

Brytting

et al. 2017

Eurosurveillance

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In addition, initiating a robust and long‐lasting response to the vaccine is challenging. Even when immunity is generated by a natural infection, long‐term protection may not be guaranteed . Furthermore, some evidence from mathematical and experimental studies suggests that viral epitopes may be masked from recognition by B cells, which inhibits the generation of new antibodies during subsequent vaccinations or infections.…”

Section: Modeling the Potential For Universal Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even when immunity is generated by a natural infection, long-term protection may not be guaranteed. 138 Furthermore, some evidence from mathematical and experimental studies suggests that viral epitopes may be masked from recognition by B cells, 29,30 which inhibits the generation of new antibodies during subsequent vaccinations or infections. The model and data were in agreement that the fold increase in antibody titer from baseline declines with repeated vaccination.…”

Section: Modeling the P Otential For Univer Sal Vaccine Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Host‐pathogen kinetics during influenza infection and coinfection: insights from predictive modeling

Smith

2018

Immunological Reviews

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SummaryInfluenza virus infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. This is due in part to the continual emergence of new viral variants and to synergistic interactions with other viruses and bacteria. There is a lack of understanding about how host responses work to control the infection and how other pathogens capitalize on the altered immune state. The complexity of multi‐pathogen infections makes dissecting contributing mechanisms, which may be non‐linear and occur on different time scales, challenging. Fortunately, mathematical models have been able to uncover infection control mechanisms, establish regulatory feedbacks, connect mechanisms across time scales, and determine the processes that dictate different disease outcomes. These models have tested existing hypotheses and generated new hypotheses, some of which have been subsequently tested and validated in the laboratory. They have been particularly a key in studying influenza‐bacteria coinfections and will be undoubtedly be useful in examining the interplay between influenza virus and other viruses. Here, I review recent advances in modeling influenza‐related infections, the novel biological insight that has been gained through modeling, the importance of model‐driven experimental design, and future directions of the field.

show abstract

“…The higher‐than 80% vaccination coverage may contribute to less influenza outbreaks in winter, from December to February of the following year. Protection provided by vaccination, however, may start to wane 3‐4 months later and decrease to a nadir in the summer 15, 16. Therefore, influenza outbreaks were frequently observed in the summer, from June to August, as the virus continues to circulate in the community at that time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Containing influenza outbreaks with antiviral use in long‐term care facilities in Taiwan, 2008‐2014

Cheng¹,

Chen²,

Chou³

et al. 2018

Influenza Resp Viruses

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundsInfluenza can spread rapidly in long‐term care facilities (LTCFs), and residents are usually at higher risk for influenza infections.ObjectiveOur study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of antiviral interventions on outbreak control.MethodsTaiwan Centers for Disease Control used a syndromic surveillance system to monitor outbreaks in LTCFs. Local public health authorities verified those outbreaks and logged reports to the Epidemic Investigation Report Files Management System (EIRFMS). We conducted a retrospective cohort study by reviewing EIRFMS reports of influenza outbreaks in LTCFs during 2008‐2014. An influenza outbreak was defined as 3 or more cases of influenza‐like illness occurring within a 48‐hours period with ≥1 case of real‐time RT‐PCR‐confirmed influenza in the same LTCF. Antiviral interventions included providing antiviral treatment for patients and antiviral prophylaxis for contacts during outbreaks.ResultsOf 102 influenza outbreaks, median days from onset of the first patient to outbreak notification was 4 (range 0‐22). Median attack rate was 24% (range 2.2%‐100%). Median influenza vaccination coverage among residents was 81% (range 0%‐100%); 43% occurred during the summer months. Even though antiviral treatment was provided in 87% of the outbreaks, antiviral prophylaxis was implemented in only 40%. Starting antiviral treatment within 2 days of outbreak onset was associated with keeping attack rates at <25% (OR 0.29, 95% CI: 0.12‐0.71).ConclusionsEarly initiation of antiviral treatment may reduce the magnitude of influenza outbreaks. Clinicians should identify patients with influenza and start antiviral use early to prevent large outbreaks in LTCFs.

show abstract

Intraseason waning of influenza vaccine protection: Evidence from the US Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Network, 2011-12 through 2014-15

Abstract: We observed decreasing influenza vaccine protection with increasing time since vaccination across influenza types/subtypes. This association is consistent with intraseason waning of host immunity, but bias or residual confounding could explain these findings.

Cited by 134 publications

References 29 publications

Mid-season real-time estimates of seasonal influenza vaccine effectiveness in persons 65 years and older in register-based surveillance, Stockholm County, Sweden, and Finland, January 2017

Mid-season real-time estimates of seasonal influenza vaccine effectiveness in persons 65 years and older in register-based surveillance, Stockholm County, Sweden, and Finland, January 2017

Host‐pathogen kinetics during influenza infection and coinfection: insights from predictive modeling

Containing influenza outbreaks with antiviral use in long‐term care facilities in Taiwan, 2008‐2014

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About