Intraperitoneal macrophages and tumor immunity: A review

Jackson, Patrick G.; Evans, Stephen

doi:10.1002/1096-9098(200010)75:2<146::aid-jso14>3.0.co;2-1

Cited by 50 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 109 publications

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“…21 Many cytokines, including IL-6, are reported to be produced by macrophages, peritoneal mesothelial cells, and polymorphonuclear leukocytes as a peritoneal response to surgical injury. 25,26 Thus, the cytokine concentrations in peritoneal fluid after major surgery are far higher than in blood, suggesting that cytokine production after gastrointestinal surgery occurs in a compartmentalized fashion within the abdominal cavity. 20 The majority of previous studies have focused on the concentration of IL-6 in peritoneal fluid, and found that it was significantly correlated with a number of clinical parameters.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of Intraperitoneal Interleukin-6 Following Open or Laparoscopic Assisted Distal Gastrectomy

Kumagai

Tajima

Ishiguro

et al. 2014

International Surgery

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The interleukin (IL)-6 concentration in plasma or serum has been considered to represent the degree of stress resulting from surgery. However, IL-6 in peritoneal fluid has rarely been considered. The aim of this study was to assess the concentration and amount of IL-6 in peritoneal fluid as indicators of surgical stress. To obtain basic data on peritoneal release of IL-6 during gastric cancer surgery, we measured IL-6 in peritoneal drainage samples, stored for up to 72 hours postoperatively, from patients who had undergone conventional open (ODG group, n ¼ 20) and laparoscopic-assisted (LADG group, n ¼ 19) distal gastrectomy. Within 24 hours, 61 and 77% of the IL-6 was released into the peritoneal cavity in the LADG and ODG groups, respectively. In both groups, the concentration and amount of peritoneal fluid IL-6 were significantly correlated with each other (LADG group: Spearman's rank correlation test [rS] ¼ 0.48, P ¼ 0.04; ODG group: rS ¼ 0.58, P ¼ 0.01). The concentration and amount of IL-6 in peritoneal fluid was 2.8-and 3.6-fold higher in the ODG than in the LADG group, respectively (P , 0.01). With regard to the relationship between the serum C-reactive protein (CRP) peak and the concentration or amount of peritoneal fluid IL-6 released within 24 hours, only the concentration of peritoneal fluid IL-6 in the LADG group was significantly correlated (rS ¼ 0.60, P ¼ 0.01) with the serum CRP peak. Our findings suggest that the amount and concentration of IL-6 released into the peritoneal cavity for up to 24 hours after surgery can each be a reliable parameter for assessment of surgical stress. Key words: Interleukin (IL)-6 -Cytokine -Peritoneal fluid -Surgical stress -Gastric cancerLaparoscopic surgery -Gastrectomy R ecent advances in laparoscopy techniques have heralded a new era in the field of abdominal surgery, and laparoscopic approaches are now being employed for the treatment of malignant neoplasms of the stomach, colon and other organs. [1][2][3][4][5] It has been reported that levels of circulating proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha are related to the extent and severity of surgical procedures.6-8 Interleukin 6 is a sensitive and early marker of tissue damage, and in general the greater the surgical trauma, the greater the response of Many studies have shown that the level of IL-6, as an indicator of surgical stress, is significantly lower after laparoscopic surgery than after open surgery.9-15 Most of the studies reported so far have measured and analyzed the concentration of IL-6 in plasma or serum, 9,10,[12][13][14][15][16]18 and only rarely in peritoneal fluid, 11,12,15,17,19,20 and the results have indicated significant correlations between the level of IL-6 and several clinical parameters. However, there is some concern as to whether the concentration of IL-6 in peritoneal fluid adequately reflects the degree of surgical stress. Interleukin 6 is released into the abdominal cavity in response to surgical injury. 16,20,21...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of Intraperitoneal Interleukin-6 Following Open or Laparoscopic Assisted Distal Gastrectomy

Kumagai

Tajima

Ishiguro

et al. 2014

International Surgery

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“…Although these products may have been involved in graft destruction, there was no direct evidence supporting this. Macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity can occur via Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and through cell-cell contact (29). Although Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity may be an important mechanism of graft destruction in situations in which there are preformed Abs to the xenograft, this was not the case in this study, as NOD-SCID mice lack B cells and Ab.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, cytotoxicity was most likely the result of cell-cell contact and the secretion of cytotoxic or cytostatic substances. Once activated macrophages secrete many products, including reactive oxygen species, TNF-␣, and complement factors (29), which, depending on the circumstances, lead to cell necrosis or apoptosis (30,31). A better understanding of the macrophage recognition and effector pathways is essential if rational therapeutic strategies to prevent this phenomenon are to be developed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

T Cell-Activated Macrophages Are Capable of Both Recognition and Rejection of Pancreatic Islet Xenografts

Hawthorne

Lehnert

et al. 2003

The Journal of Immunology

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Macrophages have been proposed as the major effector cell in T cell-mediated xenograft rejection. To determine their role in this response, NOD-SCID mice were transplanted with fetal pig pancreas (FPP) before reconstitution with CD4+ T cells from BALB/c mice. Twelve days after CD4+ T cell reconstitution, purified macrophages (depleted of T cells) were isolated from CD4+ T cell-reconstituted FPP recipient mice and adoptively transferred to their nonreconstituted counterparts. After adoptive macrophage transfer, FPP recipient mice transferred with macrophages from CD4+ T cell-reconstituted mice demonstrated xenograft destruction along with massive macrophage infiltration at day 4 and complete graft destruction at day 8 postmacrophage transfer. By contrast, FPP recipients that received macrophages from nonreconstituted mice showed intact FPP xenografts with few infiltrating macrophages at both days 4 and 8 after macrophage transfer. The graft-infiltrating macrophages showed increased expression of their activation markers. Depletion of endogenous macrophages or any remaining CD4+ T cells did not delay graft rejection in the macrophage-transferred FPP recipients, whereas depletion of transferred macrophages with clodronate liposomes prevented graft rejection. Our results show that macrophages primed by FPP and activated by CD4+ T cells were attracted from the peripheral circulation and were capable of specific targeting and destruction of FPP xenografts. This suggests that in xenograft rejection, there are macrophage-specific recognition and targeting signals that are independent of those received by T cells.

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“…The macrophages' phagocytic activity is mediated by an ADCC mechanism or direct cell-to-cell contact (Jackson and Evans 2000). Like the case of NK cells, the "missing self " (Ljunggren and Karre 1990) has been suggested as the regulatory mechanism behind their phagocytic activity against xenografts.…”

Section: The Role Of the Cells Involved In The Innate Immune Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Immunological Challenges and Therapies in Xenotransplantation

Vadori

2014

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine

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Intraperitoneal macrophages and tumor immunity: A review

Cited by 50 publications

References 109 publications

Production of Intraperitoneal Interleukin-6 Following Open or Laparoscopic Assisted Distal Gastrectomy

Production of Intraperitoneal Interleukin-6 Following Open or Laparoscopic Assisted Distal Gastrectomy

T Cell-Activated Macrophages Are Capable of Both Recognition and Rejection of Pancreatic Islet Xenografts

Immunological Challenges and Therapies in Xenotransplantation

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