Intraoperative Raman‐Guided Chemo‐Photothermal Synergistic Therapy of Advanced Disseminated Ovarian Cancers

Abstract

Abdominal miliary spread and metastasis is one of the most aggressive features in advanced ovarian cancer patients. The current standard treatment of advanced ovarian cancer is cytoreductive surgery (CRS) combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC). However, most patients cannot receive optimal CRS outcomes due to the extreme difficulty of completely excising all microtumors during operation. Though HIPEC can improve prognosis, treatment is untargeted and may damage healthy organs and cause complications. New strategies for precise detection and complete elimination of disseminated microtumors without side effects are therefore highly desirable. Here, cisplatin-loaded gap-enhanced Raman tags (C-GERTs) are designed specifically for the intraoperative detection and elimination of unresectable disseminated advanced ovarian tumors. With unique and strong Raman signals, good biocompatibility, decent plasmonic photothermal conversion, and good drug loading capacity, C-GERTs enable detection and specific elimination of microtumors with a minimum diameter of 1 mm via chemo-photothermal synergistic therapy, causing minimal side effects and significantly prolonging survival in mice. The results demonstrate that C-GERTs-based chemo-photothermal synergistic therapy can effectively control the spread of disseminated tumors in mice and has potential as a safe and powerful method for treatment of advanced ovarian cancers, to improve survival and life quality of patients.

Surface‐Enhanced Raman Nanoprobes with Embedded Standards for Quantitative Cholesterol Detection

“…Embedding internal standards inside the core–shell nanoparticles (NPs) is a smarter approach than immobilizing them on the surface of NPs since it can avoid desorption of reporter molecules from the surface and disturbance from the biological environment or additional NP aggregation‐induced electromagnetic hot spots. We have previously reported the successful synthesis of Au–Au core–shell gap‐enhanced Raman tags (GERTs) with 1,4‐benzenedithiol (1,4‐BDT) molecules embedded, which are advantageous SERS nanoprobes with internal standards. For this high sensitivity quantitative biosensing application, we instead take advantage of the superior plasmonic enhancement of Ag and fabricate Au–Ag core–shell NPs with Raman reporters embedded as the SERS nanoprobes for improved signal to noise ratios and greater detection sensitivity.…”

Photodynamic therapy and photothermal therapy for the treatment of peritoneal metastasis: a systematic review

“…In comparison with PDT, few articles analyze effectiveness of PTT in PC treatment. Only nine preclinical studies are published: 4 phase I [56][57][58][59], 3 phase II [60][61][62], and 2 phase III [63,64]. MWCNT were first evaluate in phase I study.…”

“…Zhang [64] in a recent phase III study, evaluated C-GERTs-based chemo-photothermal synergistic therapy for treatment of advanced ovarian cancers. He didn't found obvious signs of toxicity in the harvested organs, but a best therapeutic effect, with near complete elimination of tumors and suppression of regrowth for mice treated with C-GERTs + laser.…”

Advanced Nanotechnology Leading the Way to Multimodal Imaging‐Guided Precision Surgical Therapy

“…[330,311] But both of them did not compare the difference of outcomes between synergistic PTT/PDT and intraoperative PTT or PDT alone. [333] High intensity-focused ultrasound (HIFU) surgery is another strategy for minimally invasive tumor ablation, but HIFU suffers from limited precision and efficacy of conventional ultrasound contrast agents and ultrasonic imaging. [331] Similarly, adjuvant combination strategies can also combine ablations with chemotherapy or immunotherapy, and some studies have explored their synergistic antitumor effect and metastasis prevention.…”