Intraocular Scattering, Blinking Rate, and Tear Film Osmolarity After Exposure to Environmental Stress

Tabernero, Juan; García-Porta, Nery; Artal, Pablo; Pardhan, Shahina

doi:10.1167/tvst.10.9.12

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 59 publications

(69 reference statements)

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…A significant increase in the blinking rate was observed after exposure to low humidity, showing, on average, three more blinks per minute compared with before the exposure (p = 0.01), in line with previous work. 40 However, in comparison, the magnitude of the blinking rate increase was relatively small compared to the nearly doubling of the blink ratio that occurred when comparing CL with spectacle wear (see previous subsection). This suggests that the tear film thinning, other tear disturbances and changes on the ocular surface generated by inserting a CL onto the eye have a much larger effect than occurring after 1.5 h of exposure to low humidity.…”

Section: Exposure To Low Humidity On the Ocular Surfacementioning

confidence: 83%

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Ocular effects of exposure to low‐humidity environment with contact lens wear: A pilot study

Vaughan,

García‐Porta,

Tabernero

et al. 2024

Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic

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PurposeTo compare the ocular effects of exposure to a low‐humidity environment with and without contact lens (CL) wear using various non‐invasive tests.MethodsFourteen habitual soft CL wearers were exposed to controlled low humidity (5% relative humidity [RH]) in an environmental chamber for 90 min on two separate occasions. First, when wearing their habitual spectacles and then, on a separate visit, when wearing silicone hydrogel CLs that were fitted specifically for this purpose. All participants had adapted to the new CL prior to data collection. Three non‐invasive objective measurements were taken at each visit: blinking rate, objective ocular scatter (measured using the objective scatter index) and ocular surface cooling rate (measured using a long‐wave infrared thermal camera). At each visit, measurements were taken before the exposure in comfortable environmental conditions (RH: 45%), and after exposure to environmental stress (low humidity, RH: 5%).ResultsCL wearers showed increased blinking rate (p < 0.005) and ocular scatter (p = 0.03) but similar cooling rate of the ocular surface (p = 0.08) when compared with spectacle wear in comfortable environmental conditions. The exposure to low humidity increased the blinking rate significantly with both types of corrections (p = 0.01). Interestingly, ocular scatter (p = 0.96) and cooling rate (p = 0.73) were not significantly different before and after exposure to low humidity. There were no significant two‐way interactions between correction and exposure in any of the measurements.ConclusionsCLs significantly increased the blinking rate, which prevented a quick degradation of the tear film integrity as it was refreshed more regularly. It is hypothesised that the increased blinking rate in CL wearers aids in maintaining ocular scatter quality and cooling rate when exposed to a low‐humidity environment. These results highlight the importance of blinking in maintaining tear film stability.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Exposure To Low Humidity On the Ocular Surfacementioning

confidence: 83%

Ocular effects of exposure to low‐humidity environment with contact lens wear: A pilot study

Vaughan,

García‐Porta,

Tabernero

et al. 2024

Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic

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“…In support of our findings, a recent study indicated that exposure to low relative humidity on tear film adversely affected the rate of evaporation, the thickness, and stability of the lipid layer, and the production of tears; this resulted in significant postoperative discomfort. A dry environment increases light scattering, especially in older adults, who need to blink more frequently to prevent their corneas from becoming dehydrated ( 23 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of Humidity and Temperature With Cataracts Among Older Adults in China

Gao

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundThe burden of cataracts was substantial in the current aging world. However, few epidemiological studies have examined the associations between climate and weather conditions and cataract in older populations. We aimed to investigate the associations of air relative humidity and temperature with cataracts in older adults in China.MethodsWe used the cohort data from 2002, 2005, 2008, 2011, 2014, and 2018 waves of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS). A total of 62,595 Chinese older adults aged between 65 and 105 years were included in the analyses. City-level annual average air humidity and temperature during 2001 and 2017 (before the survey year) was used to measure population exposure. A cataract was self-reports based on the medical record or the doctor's diagnosis and 8,071 older adults had cataract. Covariates included socio-demographic, health status, lifestyles, and chronic conditions. We adopted the Generalized estimation equation (GEE) model to analyze the associations of relative humidity and temperature with cataracts.ResultsWe found that the average relative humidity (OR: 0.99; 95% CI: 0.98–0.99) in the past year was inversely associated with cataract likelihoods in older adults and a positive association between temperature (OR: 1.04; 95%CI: 1.03,1.05) in the past year and cataract likelihoods in older adults. The associations were robust in stratified analyses by sex, urban/rural residence, and education level. Furthermore, we found a nonlinear J-shaped relationship between temperature and cataract prevalence.ConclusionOur findings provide the evidence that higher temperature and low relative humidity may be associated with cataracts in older adults.

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“…The MTF is the ratio of the contrast of the image to the object in terms of the frequency of an object [17]. .The SR indicates a perfect optical system at a value of 1 [18]. Hence, higher MTF and SR values usually indicate better objective optical quality [19,20].…”

Section: Objective Optical Quality Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative analysis of a presbyopia-correcting intraocular lens that combines extended depth-of-focus and bifocal profiles with a standard monofocal intraocular lens

2022

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Background Recently, a new presbyopia-correcting intraocular lens (IOL) that combines extended depth-of-focus and bifocal profiles (ZFR00: Tecnis® Synergy®, Johnson & Johnson Vision, Santa Ana, CA, USA) has been established and several studies have been reported. We attempted to compare the performance with a standard IOL (ZCB00: Tecnis® monofocal, Johnson & Johnson Vision, Santa Ana, CA, USA) manufactured using the same material from the same company, which has been extensively used worldwide. Methods The medical records of patients undergoing cataract surgery with ZCB00 or ZFR00 implantation between March 2021 and September 2021 and with available 3-month visit data were reviewed. Uncorrected near, intermediate, and distance visual acuity (VA), corrected distance VA, and optical quality were the main outcome measures. Results This study included forty-six patients (64 eyes), with twenty-one patients (32 eyes) implanted with ZCB00 and twenty-five patients (32 eyes) implanted with ZFR00. The average age of the patients was 66.0 ± 10.1 (range: 40 to 82) and 65.1 ± 4.7 (range: 59 to 77) years in the ZCB00 and ZFR00 groups, respectively. The preoperative characteristics did not differ significantly between the two groups. Compared to the ZCB00 group, the ZFR00 group demonstrated significantly superior intermediate and near VA (p < 0.001) at 3 months postoperatively. The ZFR00 group showed significantly lower objective measured optical quality than that in the ZCB00 group. Conclusions The ZFR00 exhibited a continuous range of vision and a smooth defocus curve, while the ZCB00 provided superior objective optical quality.

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Intraocular Scattering, Blinking Rate, and Tear Film Osmolarity After Exposure to Environmental Stress

Cited by 5 publications

References 59 publications

Ocular effects of exposure to low‐humidity environment with contact lens wear: A pilot study

Ocular effects of exposure to low‐humidity environment with contact lens wear: A pilot study

Associations of Humidity and Temperature With Cataracts Among Older Adults in China

Comparative analysis of a presbyopia-correcting intraocular lens that combines extended depth-of-focus and bifocal profiles with a standard monofocal intraocular lens

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