Intramolecular p-i-n junction photovoltaic device based on selectively doped carbon nanotubes

Chen, Changxin; Song, Chuanjuan; Yang, Junru; Chen, Dingqiang; Zhu, Wenhuan; Liao, Calvin C.Y.; Dong, Xusheng; Liu, Xiaodong; Wei, Liangming; Hu, Nantao; He, Rong; Zhang, Yafei

doi:10.1016/j.nanoen.2016.12.048

Cited by 16 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Triethyloxonium hexachloroantimonate (OA) and polyethyleneimine (PEI) have also been proved to be effective holes and electrons chemical doping agents for carbon nanotubes, respectively . An intramolecular p–i–n junction has been realized on a single carbon nanotube through region‐selectable chemical doping process . Based on the former research, it is urgent to combine chemical doping methods with 2DLMs, to realize high‐performance intramolecular van der Waals p–n junctions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

WSe₂ Photovoltaic Device Based on Intramolecular p–n Junction

Tang

Wang

et al. 2019

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High quality p–n junctions based on 2D layered materials (2DLMs) are urgent to exploit, because of their unique properties such as flexibility, high absorption, and high tunability which may be utilized in next‐generation photovoltaic devices. Based on transfer technology, large amounts of vertical heterojunctions based on 2DLMs are investigated. However, the complicated fabrication process and the inevitable defects at the interfaces greatly limit their application prospects. Here, an in‐plane intramolecular WSe2 p–n junction is realized, in which the n‐type region and p‐type region are chemically doped by polyethyleneimine and electrically doped by the back‐gate, respectively. An ideal factor of 1.66 is achieved, proving the high quality of the p–n junction realized by this method. As a photovoltaic detector, the device possesses a responsivity of 80 mA W−1 (≈20% external quantum efficiency), a specific detectivity of over 1011 Jones and fast response features (200 µs rising time and 16 µs falling time) at zero bias, simultaneously. Moreover, a large open‐circuit voltage of 0.38 V and an external power conversion efficiency of ≈1.4% realized by the device also promises its potential in microcell applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

WSe₂ Photovoltaic Device Based on Intramolecular p–n Junction

Tang

Wang

et al. 2019

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“…A nanoelectronic or molecular electronic device usually has the geometry of a nanojunction, which consists of a nano-sized material that provides the electron conduction channel, and two or more macroscopic leads that play the role of electron reservoir and heat bath. Figure 1 depicts various types of nanoelectronic devices, including a metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) [18], a carbon-nanotube-based transistor [19], a graphene-sheet-based transistor [20][21][22], and a molecular transistor [23][24][25][26].…”

Section: Scope Of the Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Scope Of the Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Local temperatures out of equilibrium

2019

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The temperature of a physical system is operationally defined in physics as "that quantity which is measured by a thermometer" weakly coupled to, and at equilibrium with the system. This definition is unique only at global equilibrium in view of the zeroth law of thermodynamics: when the system and the thermometer have reached equilibrium, the "thermometer degrees of freedom" can be traced out and the temperature read by the thermometer can be uniquely assigned to the system. Unfortunately, such a procedure cannot be straightforwardly extended to a system out of equilibrium, where local excitations may be spatially inhomogeneous and the zeroth law of thermodynamics does not hold. With the advent of several experimental techniques that attempt to extract a single parameter characterizing the degree of local excitations of a (mesoscopic or nanoscale) system out of equilibrium, this issue is making a strong comeback to the forefront of research. In this paper, we will review the difficulties to define a unique temperature out of equilibrium, the majority of definitions that have been proposed so far, and discuss both their advantages and limitations. We will then examine a variety of experimental techniques developed for measuring the non-equilibrium local temperatures under various conditions. Finally we will discuss the physical implications of the notion of local temperature, and present the practical applications of such a concept in a variety of nanosystems out of equilibrium. Figure 4: (a) The product of the density of states η(E) times the global distribution function ϕ|ρ|ϕ forms a strongly pronounced peak at the expectation value of the global system energyĒ. (b) The logarithm of the local distribution function a|ρ|a (solid line) and the logarithm of a canonical distribution (dashed line) with the same local temperature for a harmonic chain. (a) and (b) are reprinted with permission from [74].

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“…The major gap in the research and application of n-type SWCNTs is in the photovoltaics area where much of the literature almost exclusively discusses the use of ptype SWCNTs with an n-type semiconductor, predominantly silicon, to manufacture the solar cells. In fact p-type SWCNT containing photovoltaic devices have been extensively studied in literature [108][109][110][111][112][113][114][115][116][117][118] while n-type SWCNTs photovoltaics have only just recently been discussed in literature [119]. This lack of research is likely due to the stability of the n-type doping in air and the longevity thereof.…”

Section: Thermoelectric Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in carbon nanotube n-type doping: Methods, analysis and applications

Brownlie

Shapter

2018

Carbon

102

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Great advances in semiconductor technologies continue to be made with the demand for cheap, non-toxic, easily processed and environmentally friendly technologies on the rise. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are viewed as a promising candidate that satisfies these criteria however proper doping of the SWCNTs to provide n-type behaviour has been a persistent issue. In recent years, great advances have been made in providing air stable and efficient n-type doping of SWCNTs. This review presents the most recent and promising methods of n-type doping SWCNTs highlighted for their simplicity and quality of electrical properties. The analysis and major applications of these semiconductors with a focus on thermoelectric devices and transistors are discussed.

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Intramolecular p-i-n junction photovoltaic device based on selectively doped carbon nanotubes

Cited by 16 publications

References 20 publications

WSe₂ Photovoltaic Device Based on Intramolecular p–n Junction

WSe₂ Photovoltaic Device Based on Intramolecular p–n Junction

Local temperatures out of equilibrium

Advances in carbon nanotube n-type doping: Methods, analysis and applications

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Intramolecular p-i-n junction photovoltaic device based on selectively doped carbon nanotubes

Cited by 16 publications

References 20 publications

WSe2 Photovoltaic Device Based on Intramolecular p–n Junction

WSe2 Photovoltaic Device Based on Intramolecular p–n Junction

Local temperatures out of equilibrium

Advances in carbon nanotube n-type doping: Methods, analysis and applications

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WSe₂ Photovoltaic Device Based on Intramolecular p–n Junction

WSe₂ Photovoltaic Device Based on Intramolecular p–n Junction