Intramolecular masking of the nuclear location signal and dimerization domain in the precursor for the p50 NF-κB subunit

Transcriptional regulatory effects of lymphoma-associated NFKB2/lyt10 protooncogenes

“…Thus, although p80HT has been previously reported to have acquired novel transcriptional activation properties not associated with p52 (Chang et al, 1995), it appears that the NFKB2 promoter is not itself activated by p80HT. In contrast, we observed that p100 NF-kB-2, previously reported to have`IkB-like' properties in inhibiting NF-kB-mediated transcriptional activation (Blank et al, 1991;Henkel et al, 1992;Mercurio et al, 1992;Naumann et al, 1993b;Rice et al, 1992;Scheinman et al, 1993), was also a potent inhibitor of both the P1 and P2 NFKB2 promoters. This led us to hypothesize that the constitutive, high levels of transcription of the NF-kB-2 promoter could be due to the loss of p100 inhibitory activity, rather than due to a gain of function due to the generation of the p80HT protein.…”

“…Phosphorylation tags the IkB molecules for ubiquitination and degradation by the proteasome, allowing NF-kB dimers to translocate to the nucleus and activate the target gene transcription (DiDonato et al, 1997;Mercurio et al, 1997;Reginer et al, 1997;Zandi et al, 1997). As noted above, the C-terminal ankyrin repeat portions of the p105 NF-kB-1 and p100 NF-kB-2 molecules convey IkB-like activities to these proteins, and p100 NF-kB-2 has been previously shown to have important IkB-like activity both in vitro and in vivo (Blank et al, 1991;Henkel et al, 1992;Mercurio et al, 1992;Naumann et al, 1993b;Rice et al, 1992;Scheinman et al, 1993).…”

“…The NF-kB subfamily is comprised of two genes, NFKB1 and NFKB2. These genes encode large protein products, p105 NF-kB-1, and p100 NF-kB2, which are retained in the cytoplasm where they function as repressors of NF-kB activity (Blank et al, 1991;Henkel et al, 1992;Mercurio et al, 1992;Naumann et al, 1993b;Rice et al, 1992;Scheinman et al, 1993). The C-termini of these proteins consist of seven tandemly repeated ankyrin domains.…”

Cytokine-induced nuclear translocation of signaling proteins and their analysis using the inducible translocation trap system

“…It has been shown that their actual entry is mediated by the importins/NPC complexes [72]. Unlike Stats and Smads, NFκB proteins have recognizable NLS [25,69,73,74]. Both importin α3 and α4 have been shown to mediate their nuclear translocation [72].…”

Regulated nuclear localization of stress-responsive factors: how the nuclear trafficking of protein kinases and transcription factors contributes to cell survival

“…In unstressed cells, NF-kB is retained in the cytoplasm as a heterodimer with IkB. Following an appropriate signal, IkB is phosphorylated and degraded, unmasking the NLS of the NF-kB subunit (Beg et al, 1992;Ganchi et al, 1992;Henkel et al, 1992;Zabel et al, 1993) which forms homodimers, or heterodimers with another NF-kB family member. These dimers accumulate in the nucleus where they mediate the transcription of genes required to respond to the signal.…”