Cytokine-induced nuclear translocation of signaling proteins and their analysis using the inducible translocation trap system

Abstract

Binding of cytokines to their specific receptors induces activation of signal transduction pathways, many of which involve nuclear translocation of signaling proteins. In this review, an overview of cytokine-induced nuclear translocation of signaling proteins is provided. In addition, inducible translocation trap (ITT), a novel reporter-based system to detect nuclear translocation, and its application for identification of nuclear translocating proteins are elaborated. Finally, analysis of "nuclear translocatome", the entire set of proteins that translocate into or out of the nucleus in response to extracellular stimuli, by ITT is discussed.

Temporal and spatial profiling of nuclei-associated proteins upon TNF-α/NF-κB signaling

“…Furthermore, protein nucleocytoplasmic shuttling is often a key regulator of different cellular processes. These shuttling behaviors help to compartmentalize specific protein functions to different organelles in response to cytokines [16]. The cytokine-induced nuclear import and export of signaling proteins have been shown to be essential in various biological systems [17,18].…”

“…Many proteins are often observed to dynamically shuttle between cellular compartments, for example NF-κB (nucleocytoplasmic shuttling). These shuttling mechanisms are required for signaling pathways to respond properly to cytokines [16]. The cytokine-induced nuclear import and export of signaling proteins have been shown to be essential in various biological systems [17,18].…”

Signal Transduction Triggered by Iron to Induce the Nuclear Importation of a Myb3 Transcription Factor in the Parasitic Protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis

“…In contrast, iron induces elevation of cellular cAMP and the nuclear influx of Myb3 within 1-3 min (27, Figs. 1 and 3), implying that iron probably activates signal transduction to exert its physiological effects (44,45).…”