Intralesional bleomycin injections in the treatment of benign lymphoepithelial cysts of the parotid gland in HIV‐positive patients: Case reports

Monama, Glen; Tshifularo, Mashudu

doi:10.1002/lary.20577

Cited by 13 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Although they are neither invasive nor associated with malignant degeneration, BLECs can become large and disfiguring. These lesions can be a cosmetically devastating physical deformity, causing isolation and depression 1–6. They are easily recognized as a manifestation of HIV in the aware population.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous treatments for BLEC have included repeated fine-needle aspiration and drainage, surgery, radiotherapy, sclerotherapy, and conservative therapy with institution of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) medications 2–6,10–22Table 1 summarizes the advantages and disadvantages, duration of procedures, and the cost of treatment for BLEC.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sclerotherapy injections for BLEC includes multiple sclerotic agents, eg, sodium morrhuate, doxycycline, ethanol, bleomycin, and OK-432 4,6,12,13,21. The studies on ethanol only evaluated patients subjectively as being pleased or displeased with their results, and therefore will not be discussed.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In two studies evaluating sodium morrhuate sclerotherapy, injections resulted in 17% (1/6 cysts) and 44% (4/9) complete response rates, respectively 4,9. Although limited in patient population size, sclerotherapy with bleomycin resulted in completed resolution in 3/3 patients (100%) with no side effects (although it has been noted to cause life-threatening irreversible pulmonary fibrosis when given as chemotherapy) 6. OK-432 (picibanil) has been strongly advocated as the treatment of choice for macrocystic lymphatic malformations 23.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Benign lymphoepithelial cysts of the parotid: long-term surgical results

Steehler¹,

Steehler²,

Davison³

2012

HIV

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Benign lymphoepithelial cysts are a widely recognized cause of parotid gland swelling in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). These cysts are pathognomonic for HIV. The cysts frequently grow to be exceptionally large, causing physical deformity and gross asymmetry of facial contour. This clinical commentary analyzes this cosmetically deforming disease entity and the many treatments that accompany it. The patient presented in this paper is a surgical case-control. The case is a microcosm for our findings upon review of the literature. Treatment options for benign lymphoepithelial cysts include repeated fine-needle aspiration and drainage, surgery, radiotherapy, sclerotherapy, and conservative therapy, with institution of highly active antiretroviral therapy medication. Based on this surgical case-control and our review of the literature, it is concluded that surgical intervention offers the best cosmetic result for these patients.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Benign lymphoepithelial cysts of the parotid: long-term surgical results

Steehler¹,

Steehler²,

Davison³

2012

HIV

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“…Management consists of needle aspiration; because the cysts have a propensity to recur, sclerotherapy with tetracycline or doxycycline has been shown to be effective. Recently, additional injectable agents (eg, sodium morrhuate) were identified as being effective [10,11]. For small asymptomatic cysts, observation is perfectly appropriate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Manifestations of HIV in the Head and Neck

Sorensen

2010

Curr Infect Dis Rep

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The worldwide incidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is increasing. The head and neck is a primary site for numerous manifestations of HIV disease, and it is clear that one or more of these processes will eventually affect most patients. HIV-infected patients are susceptible to all of the usual problems encountered in the head and neck, and the disease poses unique and significant problems rarely encountered in the non-HIV-infected patient. These problems include otolaryngic infections, inflammatory processes, and malignancies. The institution of highly active antiretroviral medications has significantly decreased the mortality and morbidity of this disease, and has resulted in significant improvements in quality of life. However, antiretroviral therapy can also suppress widely disseminated disease in the usual locations so that the head and neck becomes the presenting anatomic site for these processes. It is important for the health care team to be aware of these problems so that early diagnosis and treatment can be provided.

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