Intragroup Stigma Among Men Who Have Sex with Men: Data Extraction from Craigslist Ads in 11 Cities in the United States

Goldenberg, Tamar; Vansia, Dhrutika; Stephenson, Rob

doi:10.2196/publichealth.4742

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Consequently, intragroup stigma is most commonly applied to people in a group that exhibit the most extreme version of the negative characteristic being stigmatized. Intragroup stigma may be more likely to appear when stigmatized groups are highly heterogeneous or easily stratified (Goldenberg, Vansia, & Stephenson, 2016).…”

Section: Intragroup Stigmamentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceived Causes of Personal versus Witnessed Overdoses among People who Inject Opioids

Behar

Chang

Countess

et al. 2019

Substance Use & Misuse

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Background Drug overdose is the leading cause of injury-related death in the United States, outpacing deaths from guns, motor vehicles, and HIV each in their respective peak-death years (National Institute on Drug Abuse [NIDA], 2019). In 2017, more than 70,200 individuals died from drug overdose, the vast majority of which involved opioids (NIDA, 2019). As synthetic opiates such as fentanyl penetrate the street drug market in the US, people who inject drugs (PWID) remain at heightened risk of experiencing and witnessing overdose events (O'Donnell, Halpin, Mattson, Goldberger, & Gladden, 2017). Extensive research has identified common opioid overdose risk factors such as prior overdose (

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Section: Intragroup Stigmamentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceived Causes of Personal versus Witnessed Overdoses among People who Inject Opioids

Behar

Chang

Countess

et al. 2019

Substance Use & Misuse

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“…The advent of HIV testing in the mid-1980s further divided the gay community into two groups, that is, people living with HIV and HIV-unknown (Sheon & Crosby, 2004). After three decades, stigmatizing attitudes toward PLHIV are still highly prevalent in the gay community (Goldenberg, Vansia, & Stephenson, 2016). MSM living with HIV encountered experiences of prejudice, avoidance, and discrimination from members of the gay community (Courtenay–Quirk et al, 2006).…”

Section: Hiv Stigma Within the Gay Communitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive, Regulatory, and Interpersonal Mechanisms of HIV Stigma on the Mental and Social Health of Men Who Have Sex With Men Living With HIV

Chan

Mak

2019

Am J Mens Health

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Public stigma surrounding HIV is related to heightened emotional distress, poor psychological functioning, and reduced subjective well-being in people living with HIV. For men who have sex with men (MSM) living with HIV, they may also face stigmatizing attitudes within the gay community, which create an additional burden to their health. Grounded in the psychological mediation framework, the present study examined the underlying psychological processes through which HIV stigma from the public and within the gay community influences the mental and social health of MSM living with HIV. Findings from 206 Chinese MSM living with HIV in Hong Kong indicated that negative self-concept, maladaptive coping, and peer isolation mediated the effect of HIV stigma on mental and social health. The study revealed the cognitive, regulatory, and interpersonal processes underlying HIV stigma and health. Feeling intense HIV stigma from the public and within the gay community may render MSM living with HIV more vulnerable to negative self-concept, maladaptive coping, and peer isolation, which contribute to poor mental and social health. To combat prejudice and discrimination against people living HIV, stigma reduction initiatives should be implemented not only in the public, but also in the gay community. Cognitive-behavioral interventions can also be used to restructure negative self-beliefs and build adaptive emotion regulation skills, which can improve stigma-related health outcomes among MSM living with HIV.

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“…Twenty-nine percent of surveyed HCF staff in Ghana indicated that if they had a choice, they would prefer not to provide services to MSM [ 15 ]. At the interpersonal level (i.e., MSM peer groups) men may experience, perceive or anticipate HIV, same-sex, and gender non-conforming stigma from their peers [ 16 , 17 ]. These intersecting stigmas manifest through attitudes, gossip, verbal abuse and social isolation of peers who they associate with HIV (regardless of serostatus) and who express their gender identities in ways that do not conform to perceived cultural norms of masculinity (i.e., gender non-conforming) [ 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-level intersectional stigma reduction intervention to increase HIV testing among men who have sex with men in Ghana: Protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial

et al. 2021

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Background Men with have sex with men (MSM) in Africa face high levels of stigma due to elevated HIV exposure (actual or perceived), same-sex practices, and gender non-conformity. These stigmas are documented barriers to HIV prevention and treatment. Most stigma-reduction interventions have focused on single-level targets (e.g., health care facility level [HCF]) and addressed one type of stigma (e.g., HIV), without engaging the multiple intersecting stigmas that MSM encounter. Determining the feasibility and acceptability of multi-level intervention of reducing intersectional stigma and estimating its efficacy on increasing HIV testing are needed. Methods We proposed a mixed method study among MSM in Ghana. First, we will develop the intervention protocol using the Convergence Framework, which combines three interventions that were previously implemented separately in Ghana for reducing stigma at the HCF-level, increasing HIV testing at the peer group-level, and increasing peer social support at the individual-level. Then, we will conduct a cluster randomized controlled trial with four pairs of HCFs matched on staff size. HCFs within each pair are randomized to the HCF-level stigma-reduction intervention or control arm. MSM (n = 216) will be randomized to receive the group-level and individual-level interventions or standard of care control arm. MSM will be assigned to receive HIV testing at one of the HCFs that match their study assignment (intervention or control facility). The frequency of HIV testing between MSM in the study arms at 3 and 6 months will be compared, and the predictors of HIV testing uptake at the HCF, peer group and individual-levels will be assessed using multi-level regression models. Discussion These findings from this study will provide important evidence to inform a hybrid implementation-effectiveness trial of a public health intervention strategy for increasing HIV case detection among key populations in sub-Saharan African communities. Accurate information on HIV prevalence can facilitate epidemic control through more precise deployment of public health measures aimed at HIV treatment and viral load suppression, which eliminates risk of transmission. Trial registration This study was prospectively registered on ClinicalTrials.gov, Identifier: NCT04108078, on September 27, 2019.

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Intragroup Stigma Among Men Who Have Sex with Men: Data Extraction from Craigslist Ads in 11 Cities in the United States

Cited by 9 publications

References 60 publications

Perceived Causes of Personal versus Witnessed Overdoses among People who Inject Opioids

Perceived Causes of Personal versus Witnessed Overdoses among People who Inject Opioids

Cognitive, Regulatory, and Interpersonal Mechanisms of HIV Stigma on the Mental and Social Health of Men Who Have Sex With Men Living With HIV

Multi-level intersectional stigma reduction intervention to increase HIV testing among men who have sex with men in Ghana: Protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial

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