Intraganglionic laminar endings are mechano‐transduction sites of vagal tension receptors in the guinea‐pig stomach

Zagorodnyuk, Vladimir; Chen, Bao Nan; Brookes, Simon J.

doi:10.1111/j.1469-7793.2001.00255.x

Cited by 247 publications

(192 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…By comparing dye-filled nerve endings with carbon marks on the tissue, the sensory endings of low-threshold vagal mechanoreceptors were shown to correspond to intraganglionic laminar endings (IGLEs) located in myenteric ganglia. 24,25 These IGLEs detect distortion of the surrounding tissue by as-yet-unidentified stretchactivated ion channels 26 and probably signal gastric distension after a meal. They end inparallel with the smooth muscle fibres of the gut wall, yet respond mechanically as in-series tension receptors.…”

Section: Vagal Intraganglionic Laminar Mechanoreceptorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…IGLEs are found in the oesophagus, stomach, small intestine and in reduced numbers in the upper colon. 28,29 Each axon gives rise to several IGLEs within a small area 24,25 but might also innervate widely separated areas. 30,31 IGLEs have been suggested to detect shear forces between orthogonally arranged (longitudinal and circular) muscle bundles coupled to either face of the ganglion.…”

Section: Vagal Intraganglionic Laminar Mechanoreceptorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…25 IGLEs might not simply respond to wall tension, but rather a mixture of length and tension caused by distortion of the gut wall. 22 …”

Section: Extrinsic Afferent Pathways and Sensationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Extrinsic primary afferent signalling in the gut

Brookes

Spencer

Costa

et al. 2013

Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol

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240

216

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Visceral sensory neurons activate reflex pathways that control gut function and also give rise to important sensations, such as fullness, bloating, nausea, discomfort, urgency and pain. Sensory neurons are organised into three distinct anatomical pathways to the central nervous system (vagal, thoracolumbar and lumbosacral). Although remarkable progress has been made in characterizing the roles of many ion channels, receptors, and second messengers in visceral sensory neurons, the basic aim of understanding how many classes there are, and how they differ, has proven difficult to achieve. We suggest that there are just five structurally distinct types of sensory endings in the gut wall that account for essentially all of the primary afferent neurons in the three pathways. Each of these five major structural types of endings seems to show distinctive combinations of physiological responses. These types are: 'intraganglionic laminar' endings in myenteric ganglia; 'mucosal' endings located in the subepithelial layer; 'muscular mucosal' afferents, with mechanosensitive endings close to the muscularis mucosae; 'intramuscular' endings, with endings within the smooth muscle layers; and 'vascular' afferents, with sensitive endings primarily on blood vessels. 'Silent' afferents might be a subset of inexcitable 'vascular' afferents, which can be switched on by inflammatory mediators.Extrinsic sensory neurons comprise an attractive focus for targeted therapeutic intervention in a range of gastrointestinal disorders.2

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Section: Vagal Intraganglionic Laminar Mechanoreceptorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Vagal Intraganglionic Laminar Mechanoreceptorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Extrinsic primary afferent signalling in the gut

Brookes

Spencer

Costa

et al. 2013

Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol

Self Cite

240

216

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“…Long terminals, described as intramuscular arrays (IMAs), lie between the cells of the external muscle. Mechanosensitive large intraganglionic laminar endings (IGLEs) are associated with the connective tissue sheaths of ganglia (Zagorodnyuk et al, 2001) and sensory endings occur within the lamina propria of the mucosa. The correlation of the location of these endings with their function highlights the importance of each type of ending being able to reach its appropriate target.…”

Section: Molecular Development Of Enteric Vagal Afferentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular development of the extrinsic sensory innervation of the gastrointestinal tract

Ratcliffe

2011

Autonomic Neuroscience

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The extrinsic sensory innervation of the gastrointestinal tract is the conduit through which the gut and the central nervous system communicate. The hindbrain receives information directly from the bowel via the vagus nerve, while information from spinal afferents arrives in the central nervous system through the dorsal root ganglia. This review focuses on the molecular development of these vagal and spinal innervations, with an emphasis on mechanisms that involve axon guidance. During development, axons from both the nodose ganglia and dorsal root ganglia grow into the gut, innervate their appropriate enteric targets and avoid inappropriate cells in the gut wall. These developmental outcomes suggest that both attractive and repellent molecules are important in establishing the normal pattern of the extrinsic sensory innervation. In the fetal mouse gut, the guidance of vagal sensory axons is mediated by axon guidance molecules, such as netrin and the netrin receptor, deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC), as well as extracellular matrix molecules, such as laminin-111. Dorsal root ganglion neurons are known to express, and their axons to respond to, axon guidance molecules. The question of whether or not these molecules are involved in guiding spinal afferents to the bowel, however, has not yet been examined. It is anticipated that a better understanding of how vagal and spinal afferents innervate the fetal gut and reach specific enteric locations will provide deeper insights into the underlying mechanisms of normal and abnormal sensation from the gastrointestinal tract.

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“…During embryogenesis, axons from both the nodose ganglia and dorsal root ganglia grow into the gut to form the extrinsic innervation. Once they have reached the enteric organs, vagal sensory axons appropriate enteric cells and grow to provide innervation to four locations [2]: -Myelinated and unmyelinated fibers terminating in the submesothelial tissue directly under the bowel serosa, -Intramuscular arrays (IMA) located between the cells of the external muscle, probably stretch receptors, -Large intraganglionic laminar endings (IGLEs) associated with the connective tissue sheaths of ganglia [17]; tension in the gut wall activates IGLEs [15], -Sensory endings within the lamina propria of the mucosa; the sensory projections in the lamina propria correspond to functional mucosal receptors.…”

Section: Extrinsic Innervationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peritoneal innervation: embryology and functional anatomy

Struller

Weinreich

Horvath

et al. 2017

Pleura and Peritoneum

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The parietal peritoneum (PP) is innervated by somatic and visceral afferent nerves. PP receives sensitive branches from the lower intercostal nerves and from the upper lumbar nerves. Microscopically, a dense network of unmyelinated and myelinated nerve fibers can be found all over the PP. The unmyelinated fibers are thin and are ending just underneath the PP. The myelinated fibers can penetrate the PP to reach the peritoneal cavity, where they lose their myelin sheath and are exposed to somatic and nociceptive stimuli. PP is sensitive to pain, pressure, touch, friction, cutting and temperature. Noxious stimuli are perceived as a localized, sharp pain. The visceral peritoneum (VP) itself is not innervated, but the sub-mesothelial tissue is innervated by the autonomous nerve system. In contrast to the PP, the visceral submesothelium also receives fibers from the vagal nerve, in addition to the spinal nerves. VP responds primarily to traction and pressure; not to cutting, burning or electrostimulation. Painful stimuli of the VP are poorly localized and dull. Pain in a foregut structure (stomach, duodenum or biliary tract) is referred to the epigastric region, pain in a midgut structure (appendix, jejunum, or ileum) to the periumbilical area and pain from a hindgut source (distal colon or rectum) is referred to the lower abdomen or suprapubic region. Peritoneal adhesions can contain nerve endings. Neurotransmitters are acetylcholine, VIP, serotonin, NO, encephalins, CGRP and substance P. Chronic peritoneal pain can be exacerbated by neurogenic inflammation, e.g. by endometriosis.

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Intraganglionic laminar endings are mechano‐transduction sites of vagal tension receptors in the guinea‐pig stomach

Cited by 247 publications

References 49 publications

Extrinsic primary afferent signalling in the gut

Extrinsic primary afferent signalling in the gut

Molecular development of the extrinsic sensory innervation of the gastrointestinal tract

Peritoneal innervation: embryology and functional anatomy

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