Intrafamilial viral transmission is not the main cause of the high prevalence of hepatic C virus infection in a village, Putian county, China

Shi, Shuang; Lü, Feng; Yan, Lei; Zhang, Hui

doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2011.03.005

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…An epidemiology survey of hepatitis C infection is important for prevention and treatment of the disease. The HCV prevalence studies carried out in China during the past decades had limited geographical scope, different time frames, applied diverse methodologies, and predominantly focused on hospital based studies and high risk population groups including those who gave a blood donation or received a blood transfusion, drug abusers, individuals with HIV, patients receiving dialysis, and sex workers [12]–[14]. While there is information on HBV and HCV infections in the general population, there is still little information on HCV infection conditions in hepatitis B-prevalent areas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Highly Endemic HBV Areas in China

Duan

Long

Wang³

et al. 2013

PLoS ONE

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BackgroundWuwei City has the highest prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in China. From 2007 to 2011, the average reported incidence rate of hepatitis B was 634.56/100,000 people. However, studies assessing the epidemic features and risk factors of HCV in the general population of Wuwei City are limited.MethodsA total of 7189 people were interviewed and screened for HCV antibodies. HCV RNA and HCV genotypes were analyzed by PCR. Relevant information was obtained from the general population using a standardized questionnaire, and association and logistic regression analyses were conducted.ResultsThe anti-HCV prevalence was 1.64% (118/7189), and HCV-RNA was detected in 37.29% (44/118) of the anti-HCV positive samples. The current HCV infection rate was 0.61% (44/7189) in the Wuwei general population. Hepatitis C infection rate was generally higher in the plains regions (χ2 = 27.54,P<0.05), and the most predominant HCV genotypes were 2a (59.1%) and 1b (34.1%). The concurrent HCV and HBV infection rate was 1.37%, and a history of blood transfusion (OR = 17.9, 95% CI: 6.1 to 52.6, p<0.001) was an independent risk factor for HCV positivity.ConclusionsAlthough Wuwei is a highly endemic area for HBV, the anti-HCV positive rate in the general population is low. More than one-third of HCV-infected people were unaware of their infection; this may become an important risk factor for hepatitis C prevalence in the general population. Maintaining blood safety is important in order to help reduce the burden of HCV infection in developing regions of China.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Highly Endemic HBV Areas in China

Duan

Long

Wang³

et al. 2013

PLoS ONE

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“…One study in Egypt showed that the percentage of HCV infections was higher among family members of HCV-positive index cases than among family members of HCV negative-index cases, 38/257, 14.8% Vs. 3/75, 4% [ 20 ]. Phylogenetic analysis of HCV sequences showed homology between index cases and household contacts, confirming intrafamilial transmission of HCV [ 15 ], despite the low effectiveness [ 19 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In China, there are some data concerning familial clustering from epidemiological surveys among restricted populations in areas with very high prevalence of anti-HCV, up to 28.9–43.4% [ 16 , 18 , 19 ]. The risk factors for familial clustering in Chinese ethnic Han HCV patients have not been properly explored.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for familial clustering of hepatitis C virus infection in a Chinese Han population: a cross-sectional study

et al. 2018

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BackgroundHepatitis C is a curable disease, but reinfection from household contact may occur in patients who have achieved sustained viral response (SVR).MethodsA total of 997 ethnic Han HCV treatment-naïve adult patients were enrolled in a cross-sectional study with stratified sampling based on the populations of five geographic regions across China to examine the genetic and physiological parameters associated with the phenomenon of HCV familial clustering.ResultsOf the total 997 patients, there were 59 patients who had at least one family member with HCV infection according to patient self-report. Comparison between patients with and without HCV familial clustering by univariate regression analysis showed that genotype 2, sexual transmission, long-term exposure to HCV patients, monthly family income per person less than 2000 yuan, farming occupation, and the southern and northern regions were associated with HCV familial clustering. Blood transfusion was negatively associated with HCV familial clustering. Multivariate logistic regression analysis suggested that long-term exposure to HCV patients and low family income were correlated with HCV familial clustering, whereas blood transfusion was negatively associated, which meant that blood transfusion was not the main transmission route in HCV familial clustering.ConclusionLong-term exposure to HCV patients and low family income were correlated with HCV familial clustering, whereas blood transfusion was not the main transmission route in HCV familial clustering. To reduce reinfection from household contacts, education and awareness of HCV transmission routes and familial clustering should be strengthened, especially among HCV patients’ family members, low-income families and non-blood transmission hepatitis C patients.

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“…Sequence analysis of HCV HVR1 and NS5B discounted intrafamilial HCV transmission as the main cause of the high prevalence of HCV infection (6). The finding that surgical procedures and gastrointestinal endoscopic examination were independently associated with HCV infection suggests iatrogenic transmission involving inadequately sterilized medical equipment within this village.…”

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confidence: 88%

Simultaneously High Prevalences of Hepatitis B and C Virus Infections in a Population in Putian County, China

et al. 2012

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cThis study investigated a rare area of endemicity with a high prevalence of both hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections, in Putian County, China. Among 1,050 subjects, the overall prevalence of HBsAg seropositivity was 15.8%, and that of anti-HCV seropositivity was 28.9%. Intrafamilial viral transmission might be the major cause of the high prevalence of HBV infection in this region. However, HCV infection was shown to be associated with the use of inadequately sterilized medical equipment. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are the major causes of chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (5). Few reports have addressed the simultaneously high prevalences of HBV and HCV infections among the general population in a single area. This study identified high prevalences of both HBV and HCV infections in a village of Putian County, Fujian province of China. All residents of the village over the age of 2 years were invited to participate. All subjects completed a questionnaire designed by the investigators to obtain the following information: participant's name, age, sex, and potential risk factors for viral transmission. This study was approved by the ethics committees of PLA General Hospital. Informed consent to participate was obtained from all adult individuals or parental/legal guardian of children participating.Venous blood samples obtained from each subject were centrifuged (2,000 ϫ g, 20 min, 4°C) to obtain serum. Anti-HCV antibodies and HBsAg were screened, respectively, using an HCV antibody test kit and HBsAg enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits (Asintec, Xiamen, China) according to the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Samples testing positive for HCV antibodies were confirmed using Abbott HCV enzyme immunoassay (EIA) reagent (Abbott, IL). HBsAg-positive samples were confirmed with Abbott HBsAg (V2) reagent. Samples testing positive in both serological tests were considered positive.Continuous variables are expressed as the means Ϯ standard deviations (SD) for those variables that were normally distributed.Univariate analyses were performed to identify those variables that were significantly associated with HBV or HCV seropositivity. Subsequently, a backward stepwise multivariable logistic regression model was created by using all statistically significant variables that were identified in the univariate analyses. For each variable in the multivariable models, the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software version 11.5 for Windows (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL), and a P value of Ͻ0.05 was considered statistically significant.Detailed demographics and risk factor assessments for HBV and HCV infection were obtained from 1,050 subjects (Table 1). There were no professional blood donors, intravenous drug abusers, or persons with tattoos, and all subjects reported having one or fewer lifetime sexual partners. There was a low frequency of blood transfusions, surgi...

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Intrafamilial viral transmission is not the main cause of the high prevalence of hepatic C virus infection in a village, Putian county, China

Cited by 3 publications

References 51 publications

Epidemiology of Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Highly Endemic HBV Areas in China

Epidemiology of Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Highly Endemic HBV Areas in China

Risk factors for familial clustering of hepatitis C virus infection in a Chinese Han population: a cross-sectional study

Simultaneously High Prevalences of Hepatitis B and C Virus Infections in a Population in Putian County, China

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