“…Multivariate analyses performed on large samples of HCV-infected mothers together with their infants assessed the independent association of the maternal coinfection with HCV and HIV, the history of intravenous drug use, the HCV infection of the sexual partner, and the peripheral blood mononuclear cell infection with the perinatal transmission of HCV. These factors are associated often in the same mother [Resti et al, 2002a,b;Minola et al, 2006;Indolfi et al, 2008]. Results showed that the risks due to coinfection with HCV and HIV, and to HCV infection of the sexual partner, are related to the history of maternal intravenous drug use [Resti et al, 2002a;Indolfi et al, 2008], which in turn was shown to be related to the maternal peripheral blood mononuclear cell infection by HCV .…”