Intracranial ependymoma

Maksoud, Yaser A.; Hahn, Yoon S.; Engelhard, Herbert H.

doi:10.3171/foc.2002.13.3.5

Cited by 27 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The tumors were hypointense to isointense relative to the gray matter on non-enhanced T1WI, and they were hyperintense or slightly hypointense on T2WI, similar to the appearances of other intracranial tumors (24). The architecture of the tumors in the present study was commonly heterogeneous, correlating with the MRI results and the microscopic findings; heterogeneous intensity can indicate various components of the lesion, such as cysts, necrosis, intratumoral hemorrhage, calcification, fibrosis or vascular proliferation (25). Cysts and necrosis are characteristic appearances of anaplastic ependymomas (21), particularly supratentorial tumors.…”

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confidence: 71%

Magnetic resonance imaging findings of extraventricular anaplastic ependymoma: A report of 11 cases

et al. 2016

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Abstract. Anaplastic ependymomas are rare malignant tumors of the central nervous system. Few studies are available regarding their neuroradiological characteristics. The present study aimed to retrospectively review a series of patients with extraventricular anaplastic ependymoma and to analyze the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics to distinguish anaplastic ependymoma from other intracranial tumors. The clinical and pathological images of 11 patients who presented with histologically proven anaplastic ependymoma at Nanfang Hospital (Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China) between September 2004 and March 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. MRI scans were obtained in all 11 cases. Computed tomography scans were obtained in only 3 cases. In total, 8 tumors were located at the supratentorial parenchyma, and 3 tumors were derived from the cerebellar hemisphere. Images displayed quasi-circular (4/11), irregularly-lobulated (7/11) variable-intensity masses. The masses presented with cysts or necrosis (8/11), hemorrhage (7/11), marked (9/11) or mild (2/11) enhancement, and moderate (4/11), mild (3/11) or absent (4/11) peritumoral edema. The tumors were also frequently closely associated with the lateral ventricle (6/11). Tumors appeared isointense to hypointense on T1-weighted imaging (T1WI) and heterogeneously hyperintense or hypointense on T2WI, demonstrating wreath-like and ring-like characteristics, with intratumoral nodules (3/11) or marked flake-like inhomogeneous (6/11) enhancement on post-contrast MRI. Only 2 solid lesions showed mild enhancement (2/11). Although the MRI features of the extraventricular anaplastic ependymomas varied and were non-specific, these characteristic MRI findings, combined with the locations of the lesions, the age of onset and the short disease course, could be useful in differentiating anaplastic ependymomas from other intracranial neoplasms in the future.

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confidence: 71%

Magnetic resonance imaging findings of extraventricular anaplastic ependymoma: A report of 11 cases

et al. 2016

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“…On MRI, the solid portion of an ependymoma is typically hypointense to isointense on T1-weighted sequence and hyperintense on T2-weighted sequence (figure 2A,B) 17. As many as 50% of ependymomas demonstrate signal heterogeneity, which is related to intralesional calcification, necrosis, methaemoglobin, haemosiderin or tumour vascularity 18. Extension into the lateral recesses of the fourth ventricle may be seen (figure 2C) 18.…”

Section: Categories Of Paediatric Posterior Fossa Tumoursmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As many as 50% of ependymomas demonstrate signal heterogeneity, which is related to intralesional calcification, necrosis, methaemoglobin, haemosiderin or tumour vascularity 18. Extension into the lateral recesses of the fourth ventricle may be seen (figure 2C) 18. Usually there is no restricted diffusion (figure 2D,E) on DWI but there is heterogeneous contrast enhancement on post-contrast study (figure 2F).…”

Section: Categories Of Paediatric Posterior Fossa Tumoursmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paediatric intra-axial posterior fossa tumours: pictorial review

Rasalkar

Chu

Paunipagar

et al. 2012

Postgraduate Medical Journal

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Paediatric brain tumours commonly arise in the posterior cranial fossa. Early diagnosis is often challenging due to initial non-specific clinical symptoms, especially in very young children. The typical MR features of tumours in this region including medulloblastoma, ependymoma, juvenile pilocytic subtype of cerebellar astrocytoma, brain stem glioma and atypical teratoid-rhabdoid tumour are illustrated. Diffusion-weighted imaging and apparent diffusion coefficient values combined with signal characteristics on conventional MR sequences can usually differentiate low-grade from high-grade tumours. Prompt diagnosis is crucial as total surgical resection, which is only possible in localised disease, improves prognosis. A practical MR flow chart is introduced for differentiating different types of posterior cranial fossa tumours, which might be useful in clinical practice.

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“…The majority of the cases is located in the posterior fossa [2, 3], however in the first years of life they often appear supratentorial [4]. According to the WHO CNS tumor classification ependymal tumors are grouped into grade I (subependymoma, myxopapillary ependymoma), II (ependymoma) and III (anaplastic ependymoma) [5] Whereas patients with subependymoma and myxopapillary ependymoma have in general a very good prognosis, grade II and grade III ependymomas have a relatively poor outcome [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Region Specific Differences of Claudin-5 Expression in Pediatric Intracranial Ependymomas: Potential Prognostic Role in Supratentorial Cases

Virág

Haberler

Piurkó

et al. 2016

Pathol. Oncol. Res.

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Ependymomas are common pediatric brain tumors that originate from the ependyma and characterized by poor prognosis due to frequent recurrence. However, the current WHO grading system fails to accurately predict outcome. In a retrospective study, we analyzed 54 intracranial pediatric ependymomas and found a significantly higher overall survival in supratentorial cases when compared to infratentorial tumors. Next we performed region-specific immunohistochemical analysis of the ependyma in neonatal and adult ependyma from the central canal of spinal cord to the choroid plexus of lateral ventricles for components of cell-cell junctions including cadherins, claudins and occludin. We found robust claudin-5 expression in the choroid plexus epithelia but not in other compartments of the ependyma. Ultrastructural studies demonstrated distinct regional differences in cell-cell junction organization. Surprisingly, we found that 9 out of 20 supratentorial but not infratentorial ependymomas expressed high levels of the brain endothelial tight junction component claudin-5 in tumor cells. Importantly, we observed an increased overall survival in claudin-5 expressing supratentorial ependymoma. Our data indicates that claudin-5 expressing ependymomas may follow a distinct course of disease. The assessment of claudin-5 expression in ependymoma has the potential to become a useful prognostic marker in this pediatric malignancy.

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Intracranial ependymoma

Cited by 27 publications

References 24 publications

Magnetic resonance imaging findings of extraventricular anaplastic ependymoma: A report of 11 cases

Magnetic resonance imaging findings of extraventricular anaplastic ependymoma: A report of 11 cases

Paediatric intra-axial posterior fossa tumours: pictorial review

Region Specific Differences of Claudin-5 Expression in Pediatric Intracranial Ependymomas: Potential Prognostic Role in Supratentorial Cases

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