Intracellular Parasitism of Microorganisms

Belyi, Yuri F.

doi:10.1007/978-3-662-22047-4

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Akhmatova (1989Akhmatova ( , 2017, A. Belyi (1996), Z. Hippius (1991), V. Inber (1965), M. Kuzmin (1989), B.…”

Section: Specificity Of Metaphorical Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Semantic-Cognitive Metaphorical Model: Properties, Parameters, and Construction Technique

Kravtsova

2023

ctld

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The paper deals with the metaphorical model as a semantic-cognitive construction based on the author’s conception of metaphorical modelling. The aim of the research is to characterize such a model of metaphorization, that involves the disclosure of its essence, description of properties, parameters, and construction technique. Semantic-cognitive metaphorical modelling is the construction of metaphorization models that reflect national stereotypes of figurative analogic and associative thinking of an ethnocultural community or individual perceptions of the world of a particular native speaker at a particular stage of historical development. A semantic-cognitive metaphorical model is a regular scheme of verbalization of notions correlated in analogic and associative terms available in the minds of native speakers. It includes the original and new ideographic domains and the semantic-cognitive motivator – this description of the metaphorical model actualizes the denotative-conceptual domains of the source and purpose of metaphorization and the integrating feature that motivates the process of metaphorical nomination. The semantic-cognitive metaphorical model is a three-component structure: the original denotative-conceptual domain (metaphor motivating) → the new denotative-conceptual domain (metaphorically motivated) | semantic-cognitive motivator (motivating feature of metaphorical nomination). The term ‘semantic-cognitive metaphorical motivator’ is introduced to denote the semantic component that connects the derivative and derived meanings and expresses the motivational relations of the original and new denotative-conceptual domains, which is a mental and semantic element that integrates different entities that are similar in some respect. It serves as a motivating feature of metaphorization as a metaphorical projection from the original conceptual domain to a new one, an indicator of metaphorical motivation. The developed methodology of constructing and describing metaphorical models as semantic-cognitive structures is universal, since it can be used as an independent operational mechanism in the semantic-cognitive analysis of individual facts of metaphorization or in the corpus-based study of metaphor in a particular language (texts, discourses), as well as an obligatory stage of the semantic-cognitive study of metaphorical concepts.

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“…Akhmatova (1989Akhmatova ( , 2017, A. Belyi (1996), Z. Hippius (1991), V. Inber (1965), M. Kuzmin (1989), B.…”

Section: Specificity Of Metaphorical Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Semantic-Cognitive Metaphorical Model: Properties, Parameters, and Construction Technique

Kravtsova

2023

ctld

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“…Liberated subunits transduce the stimulus by activating downstream elements of signaling cascades-adenylyl cyclases, phospholipases C, K-channels, guanylyl cyclases, phosphatidylinositol kinases, etc. (Belyi, 1996). There is a considerable body of information documenting that lipid second messengers play a major role in regulation of phagocytic processes by recruiting small GTPases of the Rho family, either directly or through the action of activated protein kinases (Tilton et al, 1997;Wymann and Pirola, 1998;Vanhaesebroeck et al, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Actin machinery of phagocytic cells: Universal target for bacterial attack

Belyi

2002

Microscopy Res & Technique

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Uptake of microorganisms by eukaryotic cells depends on proper functioning of the actin machinery. It creates a driving force for the cell membrane deformations necessary for ingestion and killing of microbes by phagocytes. Therefore, specific alterations in the activity of the actin apparatus could be favorable for pathogenic bacteria, representing an efficient mechanism in their virulence. Such alterations are supposed to be achieved in two principle ways. One is accomplished via binding of bacterial ligands to certain surface receptors, which initiate subsequent actin cytoskeleton rearrangements. Another is to introduce cytoskeleton-targeted products directly into eukaryotic cells and in this way modulate the activity of the actin apparatus. Indeed, Legionella and some other intracellular parasites possess ligands able to stimulate certain receptors on the surface of phagocytes and possess devices suitable for translocation of effector molecules into eukaryotic cytoplasm. The results of such events could be increased uptake of these microbes and their subsequent transportation to permit multiplication in their intracellular niche. On the contrary, representatives of Clostridium and a number of other extracellular pathogens create products which penetrate eukaryotic cells and disorganize the actin cytoskeleton network, thus making uptake of these pathogens by phagocytes impossible.

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Cell biology for dummies

Donnenberg

1997

Trends in Microbiology

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Intracellular Parasitism of Microorganisms

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Semantic-Cognitive Metaphorical Model: Properties, Parameters, and Construction Technique

Semantic-Cognitive Metaphorical Model: Properties, Parameters, and Construction Technique

Actin machinery of phagocytic cells: Universal target for bacterial attack

Cell biology for dummies

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