“…InsP3 and InsP4 in turn regulate Ca2m obilization, both the release from intracellular stores and influx from the extracellular medium (Putney, 1988;Berridge, 1993). The elevated cytosolic Ca2+ and DG are associated with the activation of their respective protein kinases, calmodulin and protein kinase C, to phosphorylate zymogen granular membrane regulatory proteins, resulting in exocytosis and secretion (Burnham & Williams, 1982;Schulz et al 1986). In contrast, activation of membrane-bound adenylate cyclase results in an elevation of endogenous cyclic AMP, which in turn stimulates protein kinase A. Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase in turn phosphorylates zymogen granular membrane proteins, resulting in exocytosis and enzyme secretion (Jensen & Gardner, 1981;Burnham & Williams, 1982;Petersen, 1982).…”