Adaptation of the exocrine pancreas to dietary fats

Yago, M. D.; Martínez-Victoria, Emilio; Diaz, Ricardo J.; Martínez, M.a C. López; Singh, Jaipaul; Mañas, Mariano

doi:10.1007/bf03179797

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 97 publications

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“…Pancreatic digestive enzymes adapt to dietary changes in given substrates through parallel changes in synthesis. Pancreatic lipase activity is primarily a function of the amount of dietary fat (Yago et al, 2000) and is not stimulated at or below levels where 47% of dietary kcal is provided as fat (Sabb et al, 1986). The energy provided as fat in this experiment (approximately 20%) was below the threshold level of dietary fat, therefore, there was no difference in the activity of pancreatic lipase between the treatment diets in this experiment.…”

Section: Digestive Enzymes Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Fat encapsulation enhances dietary nutrients utilization and growth performance of nursery pigs1

Yang

Zhang

Kim

et al. 2018

Journal of Animal Science

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Encapsulation of fat may facilitate digestion and absorption of fat in nursery pigs. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate 1) effects of encapsulation of palm oil (PO) and coconut oil (CO) on growth performance, feed intake, feed efficiency, and blood parameters, and 2) effects of encapsulation of PO and CO on apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients, and the activity of digestive enzymes in nursery pigs. In Exp. 1, 540 pigs (28 d of age, 8.23 ± 0.22 kg BW) were allotted to five treatments based on a randomized complete block design (as-fed basis). Pigs were fed basal diets with five different fat sources: 6.0% soybean oil (SBO), 6.0% PO, 6.0% PO from encapsulated fat (EPO), 6.0% CO, and 6.0% CO from encapsulated fat (ECO), respectively, with six pens per treatment and 18 pigs per pen for a 4-wk feeding trial. Dried casein and whey powder used for encapsulation were included at identical levels in all diets. Pigs fed EPO had increased (P < 0.05) ADG during days 0 to 14 and overall compared to pigs fed SBO and PO, whereas ADG of pigs fed ECO was not different from pigs fed EPO and CO. There were no differences in ADFI among treatments. Pigs fed EPO had increased G:F (P < 0.05) during days 0 to 14 compared to SBO, PO, and CO. Serum urea nitrogen concentrations in pigs fed EPO, CO, and ECO were lower (P < 0.05) than that of pigs fed SBO and PO. In Exp. 2, 30 pigs (28 d of age, 8.13 ± 0.10 kg BW) were housed individually (n = 6 per treatment) and allotted to five treatments as described in Exp.1. Pigs were fed ad libitum for 4 wk to measure ATTD of diets weekly and digestive enzyme activity at week 4. Pigs fed EPO, CO, and ECO had increased (P < 0.05) ATTD of DM and GE compared to pigs fed SBO and PO. Pigs fed SBO had reduced (P < 0.05) ATTD of CP compared to other treatments. Pigs fed PO had reduced (P < 0.05) ATTD of ether extracts (EE) compared to other treatments. Pigs fed PO had greater (P < 0.05) trypsin activity in the pancreas than pigs fed SBO and CO. Pigs fed PO tended to have lower (P = 0.073) pancreatic lipase activity compared to other treatments, whereas dietary treatments had no effect on pancreatic amylase activity. In conclusion, this study indicates that encapsulation of PO improved growth performance and ATTD of diets in nursery pigs, whereas the limited effects of encapsulated CO were likely due to the high digestibility of the medium-chain triglycerides abundant in CO.

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Section: Digestive Enzymes Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Fat encapsulation enhances dietary nutrients utilization and growth performance of nursery pigs1

Yang

Zhang

Kim

et al. 2018

Journal of Animal Science

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Pancreatic Blood Flow with Special Emphasis on Blood Perfusion of the Islets of Langerhans

Jansson

Carlsson

2019

Comprehensive Physiology

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The pancreatic islets are more richly vascularized than the exocrine pancreas, and possess a 5‐ to 10‐fold higher basal and stimulated blood flow, which is separately regulated. This is reflected in the vascular anatomy of the pancreas where islets have separate arterioles. There is also an insulo‐acinar portal system, where numerous venules connect each islet to the acinar capillaries. Both islets and acini possess strong metabolic regulation of their blood perfusion. Of particular importance, especially in the islets, is adenosine and ATP/ADP. Basal and stimulated blood flow is modified by local endothelial mediators, the nervous system as well as gastrointestinal hormones. Normally the responses to the nervous system, especially the parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves, are fairly similar in endocrine and exocrine parts. The islets seem to be more sensitive to the effects of endothelial mediators, especially nitric oxide, which is a permissive factor to maintain the high basal islet blood flow. The gastrointestinal hormones with pancreatic effects mainly influence the exocrine pancreatic blood flow, whereas islets are less affected. A notable exception is incretin hormones and adipokines, which preferentially affect islet vasculature. Islet hormones can influence both exocrine and endocrine blood vessels, and these complex effects are discussed. Secondary changes in pancreatic and islet blood flow occur during several conditions. To what extent changes in blood perfusion may affect the pathogenesis of pancreatic diseases is discussed. Both type 2 diabetes mellitus and acute pancreatitis are conditions where we think there is evidence that blood flow may contribute to disease manifestations. © 2019 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 9:799‐837, 2019.

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The econobiology of pancreatic acinar cells granule inventory and the stealthy nano-machine behind it

Hammel

Meilijson

2016

Acta Histochemica

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Adaptation of the exocrine pancreas to dietary fats

Cited by 3 publications

References 97 publications

Fat encapsulation enhances dietary nutrients utilization and growth performance of nursery pigs1

Fat encapsulation enhances dietary nutrients utilization and growth performance of nursery pigs1

Pancreatic Blood Flow with Special Emphasis on Blood Perfusion of the Islets of Langerhans

The econobiology of pancreatic acinar cells granule inventory and the stealthy nano-machine behind it

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