Intracellular mechanisms modulating gamma band activity in the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN)

Luster, Brennon; Urbano, Francisco J.; García‐Rill, Edgar

doi:10.14814/phy2.12787

Cited by 25 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 52 publications

(62 reference statements)

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“…Similar results were found during recordings of voltage-dependent calcium currents. These results confirm the presence of cells in the PPN that manifest gamma band oscillations through only N-type (30%), only P/Q-type (20%), and both N- and P/Q-type (50%) calcium channels (Luster et al 2014, 2015). …”

Section: Two Pathways Two Statessupporting

confidence: 81%

“…This new cell type classification proposes that some PPN neurons fire only during REM sleep (“REM-on”, N-type only), only during waking (“Wake-on”, P/Q-type only), or during both waking and REM sleep (“Wake/REM-on”, N-type + P/Q-type) (Luster et al 2014, 2015). Interestingly, PPN cells with N-type channels only manifested oscillations in the 55 Hz range, while cells with P/Q-type channels only exhibited oscillations in the 45 Hz range, while cells with both N- and P/Q-type channels showed oscillations in the 35 Hz range.…”

Section: Two Pathways Two Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Implications of gamma band activity in the pedunculopontine nucleus

et al. 2015

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The fact that the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) is part of the reticular activating system places it in a unique position to modulate sensory input and fight-or-flight responses. Arousing stimuli simultaneously activate ascending projections of the PPN to the intralaminar thalamus to trigger cortical high frequency activity and arousal, as well as descending projections to reticulospinal systems to alter posture and locomotion. As such, the PPN has become a target for deep brain stimulation (DBS) for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease (PD), modulating gait, posture, and higher functions. This article describes the latest discoveries on PPN physiology and the role of the PPN in a number of disorders. It has now been determined that high frequency activity during waking and REM sleep is controlled by two different intracellular pathways and two calcium channels in PPN cells. Moreover, there are three different PPN cell types that have one or both calcium channels and may be active during waking only, REM sleep only, or both. Based on the new discoveries, novel mechanisms are proposed for insomnia as a waking disorder. In addition, neuronal calcium sensor protein-1 (NCS-1), which is over expressed in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, may be responsible for the dysregulation in gamma band activity in at least some patients with these diseases. Recent results suggest that NCS-1 modulates PPN gamma band activity and that lithium acts to reduce the effects of over expressed NCS-1, accounting for its effectiveness in bipolar disorder.

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Section: Two Pathways Two Statessupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Two Pathways Two Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implications of gamma band activity in the pedunculopontine nucleus

et al. 2015

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…This new cell type classification proposes that some PPN neurons fire only during REM sleep (“REM-on”, N-type only), only during waking (“Wake-on”, P/Q-type only), or during both waking and REM sleep (“Wake/REM-on”, N-type + P/Q-type) [121,122]. Armed with this information, we could now address the role of NCS-1 and lithium in the function of gamma band activity mediated by PPN neurons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Calcium Channels in Bipolar Disorder

D’Onofrio

Mahaffey

García‐Rill

2018

CPSP

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Bipolar disorder is characterized by a host of sleep-wake abnormalities that suggests that the reticular activating system (RAS) is involved in these symptoms. One of the signs of the disease is a decrease in high frequency gamma band activity, which accounts for a number of additional deficits. Bipolar disorder has also been found to overexpress neuronal calcium sensor protein 1 (NCS-1). Recent studies showed that elements in the RAS generate gamma band activity that is mediated by high threshold calcium (Ca2+) channels. This mini-review provides a description of recent findings on the role of Ca2+ and Ca2+ channels in bipolar disorder, emphasizing the involvement of arousal-related systems in the manifestation of many of the disease symptoms. This will hopefully bring attention to a much-needed area of research and provide novel avenues for therapeutic development.

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“…Thus, the PPTg, through each of its neuronal populations, has distinct roles in promoting waking and non-REM sleep and in modulating cortical activation and muscle tone in waking and non-REM sleep [75]. The presence of different types of high threshold calcium channels in some PPTg neurons have been proposed to modulate waking (P/Qtype), while the presence of other channels (N-type) are thought to maintain REM sleep [83,84].…”

Section: The Pptg As a Part Of The Reticular Activating System (Ras)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Participation of the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus in arousal-demanding functions

Vitale¹,

Capozzo²,

Mazzone³

et al. 2017

Transl Brain Rhythmicity

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The pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPTg) is part of the locomotor mesencephalic region and the reticular activating system (RAS). As such, it is involved in regulating some aspects of the motor control and the wake/sleep cycle, but the way in which it operates is unclear. PPTg neurons respond to a variety of sensory stimuli and to cues that trigger the execution of goal-directed motor acts. In this paper, we discuss data that suggest that in addition to operating via thalamic nuclei, the PPTg may also operate by activating cerebellar nuclei, especially the dentate nucleus. In such a way, an intense and diffuse activation of the cerebral cortex may be achieved. In arousal-demanding reward-related tasks, separate populations of PPTg neurons modulate their discharge pattern to encode, in particular, expectancy and magnitude of reward. These neuronal responses, which should reach thalamic, basal ganglia, and cerebellar nuclei through ascending PPTg fibers are essential for the formation of stimuli-reward associations and action selection. In parallel, PPTg neurons, via descending fibers directed to lower brainstem and spinal motor structures, may automatically influence motor mechanisms and muscle tone in order to cause movements that are executed in a smooth and timely manner. In patients affected by Parkinson's disease, PPTg deep brain stimulation may increase arousal, thus making patients more attentive to behavioral stimuli that trigger motor act, while simultaneously facilitating movement.

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Intracellular mechanisms modulating gamma band activity in the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN)

Cited by 25 publications

References 52 publications

Implications of gamma band activity in the pedunculopontine nucleus

Implications of gamma band activity in the pedunculopontine nucleus

Role of Calcium Channels in Bipolar Disorder

Participation of the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus in arousal-demanding functions

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