Intracellular Machinery for Matrix Degradation in Bone-Resorbing Osteoclasts

Vääräniemi, Jukka; Halleen, Jussi M.; Kaarlonen, Katja; Ylipahkala, Hannele; Alatalo, Sari L.; Andersson, Göran; Kaija, Helena; Vihko, Pirkko; Väänänen, H. Kalervo

doi:10.1359/jbmr.040603

Cited by 128 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…All participants were undergoing military training in homogenous conditions in the same garrison of one brigade, and they represented the general conscript population in Finland. Therewere796 men and 24 women with amean age of 19.8 (range [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] years. The mean body mass index was 23.4 kg/m 2 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can Elevated Serum Tracp-5B Levels Predict Stress Fractures? A Cohort Study

et al. 2009

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Background and Aims: stress fracture is acommonoveruse injury in athletes and military conscripts. the reliable diagnosis of stress fractures is often difficult, however,because it is usually based solely on radiographic findings. biochemical markers of bone resorption reflect bone degradation and may also reflect the rate of bone loss. the aim of the study was to examine whether elevated serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase isoform 5b (traCP-5b) levels reflect enhanced bone remodeling and predict the occurrence of stress fractures in military conscripts.Material and Methods: randomly selected military conscripts [mean age, 19.8 (range 18-28) years; n=820] were followed for 3months. baseline blood samples were drawn upon arrival to the service. four subsequent samples were obtained from subjects that developed stress fractures and one sample each was obtained from two asymptomatic control subjects for each fracture case.Results: Plain radiography was used to diagnose stress fractures in 20 of the 820 conscripts (2.4%). follow-up data were available for 14 subjects with 21 stress fractures and 28 control subjects. subjects with proportionally increasing serum traCP-5b levels had an 8-fold greater probability of stress fracture than controls. no statistically significant difference was detected.Conclusions: although assessing serum traCP-5b levels appears to be ap romising method to predict bone stress injuries, the presentstudy failed to give a conclusive statement of its usefulness as adiagnostic tool.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can Elevated Serum Tracp-5B Levels Predict Stress Fractures? A Cohort Study

et al. 2009

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“…8 Osteoclasts produce free radical oxygen and nitrogen during resorption, similar to the free radicals produced after irradiation. 11 Chondrocytes within the proliferative zone of the growth plate are not located near osteoclasts in vivo, and as such, may not possess the machinery to respond to free radical damage; however, the above is entirely speculative.…”

Section: Bone Cells Were Differentially Affected By the Irradiation Rmentioning

confidence: 99%

The differential effects of the radioprotectant drugs amifostine and sodium selenite treatment in combination with radiation therapy on constituent bone cells, ewing's sarcoma of bone tumor cells, and rhabdomyosarcoma tumor cells in vitro

Margulies

Damron

Allen

2008

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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The purpose of this study was to determine the differential effects of therapeutic X-radiation on constituent bone cells relative to the pediatric tumor cells: Ewing's sarcoma of bone and rhabdomyosarcoma. In addition, the radioprotectant drugs amifostine and sodium selenite were administered to constituent bone cells and the two tumor cells to determine if the radioprotectants differentially protect bone cells while not benefiting the tumor cells. These studies are a necessary first step in determining the potential clinical benefit of radioprotective therapy. An established in vitro cell culture model employing both constituent bone cells (osteoblasts, primary bone marrow monocytes, osteoclasts chondrocytes, and endothelial cells) and the tumor cells lines (Ewing's sarcoma of bone and rhabdomyosarcoma) were exposed to irradiation, amifostine, and sodium selenite. Cells were then assayed for changes in cell number, cytotoxicity, mineralization, bone resorption, cell attachment, osteocalcin, caspase-3 expression, clonogenic survival, and alkaline phosphatase expression. Radiation therapy differentially decreased cell number; with osteoblasts being shown to be the least sensitive to irradiation, the tumor cells had an intermediate sensitivity and monocytes were the most sensitive. Both amifostine and sodium selenite protected chondrocytes and osteoblasts from the negative effects of irradiation, while not protecting the tumor cells. The pediatric tumor cell lines were generally more radiosensitive than the bone cells examined. The radioprotectant drugs amifostine and sodium selenite provided significant radioprotection to constituent bone cells while not protecting the tumor cells. Finally, amifostine and sodium selenite therapy provided an additional benefit beyond radioprotection by increasing cytotoxicity in nonirradiated and irradiated tumor cells. ß

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“…Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase is a key enzyme found in high level in osteoclasts; it is involved in the intracellular degradation of collagen and noncollagenous proteins of the bone matrix (Vaaraniemi et al, 2004). Tissues were embedded in methylmethacrylate at 41C to maintain enzyme activity.…”

Section: Tracp Cells Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions between microenvironment and cancer cells in two animal models of bone metastasis

2008

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The preferential proliferation of cancer cells in the bone microenvironment is poorly characterised. Expression pattern of bone marrow and other organ microenvironment in contact with osteolytic (Walker W256) and osteoblastic (MatLyLu MLL) metastases were investigated. Fisher and Copenhagen rats received, respectively, W256 and MLL cells injection. Bone and soft tissues were analysed by immunochemistry for DKK1, cathepsin K, RANKL, MCSF or IL6 expression. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAcP)-positive cells were detected by a histoenzymatic technique. In bone, expressions of MCSF and DKK1 were shown in stromal cells of the bone marrow, in contact with metastatic foci of both tumours. Many stromal cells were found RANKL positive in the vicinity of the tumours. Cells expressing cathepsin K and multinucleated TRAcP þ cells were found in direct contact with trabeculae but also in bone marrow spaces near metastatic cells. In extraosseous tumours, cells in contact with malignant cells did not expressed DKK1, MCSF, cathepsin K and IL6. Some RANKL þ cells were found in the periphery of subcutaneous tumours but may represent Langerhans cells. Abnormal presence of TRAcP þ cells was never observed in the vicinity of malignant cells. Interaction between stromal and cancer cells induces the expression on the formers of characteristics leading to osteoclastogenesis only in the bone microenvironment.

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Intracellular Machinery for Matrix Degradation in Bone-Resorbing Osteoclasts

Cited by 128 publications

References 61 publications

Can Elevated Serum Tracp-5B Levels Predict Stress Fractures? A Cohort Study

Can Elevated Serum Tracp-5B Levels Predict Stress Fractures? A Cohort Study

The differential effects of the radioprotectant drugs amifostine and sodium selenite treatment in combination with radiation therapy on constituent bone cells, ewing's sarcoma of bone tumor cells, and rhabdomyosarcoma tumor cells in vitro

Interactions between microenvironment and cancer cells in two animal models of bone metastasis

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