Intracellular dynamics of polydnavirus innexin homologues

Hasegawa, Daniel K.; Zhang, P.; Turnbull, Matthew W.

doi:10.1111/imb.12657

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…We also examined protein expression in hemocytes using epifluorescence immunomicroscopy. Anti-His (VnxG-His, VnxQ2-His; Figure 1 B) and anti-FLAG (FLAG-Mc4r; Figure 1 C) immunomicroscopy results corresponded to patterns observed Sf9 cells infected with the recombinant viruses [ 21 ], and Sf9 and High Five cells transfected with vinnexin expression plasmids [ 30 ]. Anti-GP64 signal demonstrated AcMNPV infection rates were typically in excess of 90%.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…We utilized recombinant baculoviruses to drive transgene expression in caterpillar hosts. We observed cellular localization ( Figure 1 ) reminiscent of VnxQ2 in CsIV-infected caterpillars [ 18 ], as well as VnxG and VnxQ2 expression in cell culture [ 21 , 26 , 30 ]. We observed increased mortality ( Figure 2 ) and reduced molting ( Figure 3 ) of AcMNPV- vinnexin -infected larvae over the mock and recombinant virus controls.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polydnavirus Innexins Disrupt Host Cellular Encapsulation and Larval Maturation

Zhang

Turnbull

2021

Viruses

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Polydnaviruses are dsDNA viruses associated with endoparasitoid wasps. Delivery of the virus during parasitization of a caterpillar and subsequent virus gene expression is required for production of an amenable environment for parasitoid offspring development. Consequently, understanding of Polydnavirus gene function provides insight into mechanisms of host susceptibility and parasitoid wasp host range. Polydnavirus genes predominantly are arranged in multimember gene families, one of which is the vinnexins, which are virus homologues of insect gap junction genes, the innexins. Previous studies of Campoletis sonorensis Ichnovirus Vinnexins using various heterologous systems have suggested the four encoded members may provide different functionality in the infected caterpillar host. Here, we expressed two of the members, vnxG and vnxQ2, using recombinant baculoviruses in susceptible host, the caterpillar Heliothis virescens. Following intrahemocoelic injections, we observed that >90% of hemocytes (blood cells) were infected, producing recombinant protein. Larvae infected with a vinnexin-recombinant baculovirus exhibited significantly reduced molting rates relative to larvae infected with a control recombinant baculovirus and mock-infected larvae. Similarly, larvae infected with vinnexin-recombinant baculoviruses were less likely to survive relative to controls and showed reduced ability to encapsulate chromatography beads in an immune assay. In most assays, the VnxG protein was associated with more severe pathology than VnxQ2. Our findings support a role for Vinnexins in CsIV and more broadly Ichnovirus pathology in infected lepidopteran hosts, particularly in disrupting multicellular developmental and immune physiology.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polydnavirus Innexins Disrupt Host Cellular Encapsulation and Larval Maturation

Zhang

Turnbull

2021

Viruses

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“…The fifth gene family, vinnexins, exhibits homology with the insect gap junction innexin genes and was predicted in DfIV with six members and in DsIV with seven. Vinnexin is a highly conserved protein in ichnoviruses and may interfere with host cell-cell communication (Phelan et al, 1998), alteration of cytoskeletal networks (Hasegawa et al, 2020), host cell encapsulation, molting, and larval maturation (Zhang and Turnbull, 2021). Here, the phylogenetic relationships of these five DfIV and DsIV gene families (rep, cys, PRRP, vankyrin, and vinnexin) were compared and found to be closely related.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome, host genome integration, and gene expression in Diadegma fenestrale ichnovirus from the perspective of coevolutionary hosts

Kim

Rahman²,

Kim³

et al. 2023

Front. Microbiol.

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Polydnaviruses (PDVs) exhibit species-specific mutualistic relationships with endoparasitoid wasps. PDVs can be categorized into bracoviruses and ichnoviruses, which have independent evolutionary origins. In our previous study, we identified an ichnovirus of the endoparasitoid Diadegma fenestrale and named it DfIV. Here, DfIV virions from the ovarian calyx of gravid female wasps were characterized. DfIV virion particles were ellipsoidal (246.5 nm × 109.0 nm) with a double-layered envelope. Next-generation sequencing of the DfIV genome revealed 62 non-overlapping circular DNA segments (A1–A5, B1–B9, C1–C15, D1–D23, E1–E7, and F1–F3); the aggregate genome size was approximately 240 kb, and the GC content (43%) was similar to that of other IVs (41%–43%). A total of 123 open reading frames were predicted and included typical IV gene families such as repeat element protein (41 members), cysteine motif (10 members), vankyrin (9 members), polar residue-rich protein (7 members), vinnexin (6 members), and N gene (3 members). Neuromodulin N (2 members) was found to be unique to DfIV, along with 45 hypothetical genes. Among the 62 segments, 54 showed high (76%–98%) sequence similarities to the genome of Diadegma semiclausum ichnovirus (DsIV). Three segments, namely, D22, E3, and F2, contained lepidopteran host genome integration motifs with homologous regions of about 36–46 bp between them (Diadegma fenestrale ichnovirus, DfIV and lepidopteran host, Plutella xylostella). Most of the DfIV genes were expressed in the hymenopteran host and some in the lepidopteran host (P. xylostella), parasitized by D. fenestrale. Five segments (A4, C3, C15, D5, and E4) were differentially expressed at different developmental stages of the parasitized P. xylostella, and two segments (C15 and D14) were highly expressed in the ovaries of D. fenestrale. Comparative analysis between DfIV and DsIV revealed that the genomes differed in the number of segments, composition of sequences, and internal sequence homologies.

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Insect Gap Junctions Could Be a Potential Target for Pest Management

Sharma

Negi

Thakur

et al. 2022

Annals of the Entomological Society of America

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Gap junctions are integral membrane proteins that play a role in cell-to-cell communication. They are coded by the functional genes called connexins in chordates and innexins in invertebrates. However, recently pannexins were also found in mammalian genomes, which are homologous to insect innexins. Gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) has different functions ranging from their role in ontogenesis to the transfer of intracellular signal molecules and minimizing the adverse effects of xenobiotics by dilution and steady-state catabolism. Perturbations of these gap junctions are known to promote cancers besides, and many tumor inducers reduce the functioning of these gap junctions. Insect gap junctions play a crucial role in the development of insects and perhaps might be one of the reasons for the success of insects on terrestrial habitats. Majority of the work on innexins was done on Drosophila melanogaster Meigen, 1830 (Diptera: Drosophilidae), and its innexins regulate size of the central nervous system, embryonic gut formation, metamorphosis, and the fertility of germ lines in the reproductive system. There are several insecticides like cyclodienes, organochlorines, phenypyrazoles, synthetic pyrethroids, avermectins, milbemycins, oxadiazines, semicarbazones, meta-diamides, isoxazolines which target ion channels in the insects, but there is no evidence that supports the possible toxic effects of insecticides on insect gap junctions. In this review, we discuss the importance of insect gap junctions and how they could be a potential target for chemical pest management.

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Intracellular dynamics of polydnavirus innexin homologues

Cited by 3 publications

References 61 publications

Polydnavirus Innexins Disrupt Host Cellular Encapsulation and Larval Maturation

Polydnavirus Innexins Disrupt Host Cellular Encapsulation and Larval Maturation

Genome, host genome integration, and gene expression in Diadegma fenestrale ichnovirus from the perspective of coevolutionary hosts

Insect Gap Junctions Could Be a Potential Target for Pest Management

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