Intracellular and cell-to-apoplast compartmentation of carbohydrate metabolism

Fettke, Joerg; Fernie, Alisdair R.

doi:10.1016/j.tplants.2015.04.012

Cited by 36 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 98 publications

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“…This compartmentation enables the cell to adjust the carbon flux through regulation of transport of metabolites between the different compartments [35,36]. In order to obtain a correct overview of the carbon flow in diatom cells under different conditions, knowledge on the localization of the different enzymes is therefore important.…”

Section: Carbon Metabolism Responses To Phosphorus Limitation In Diatomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of phosphorus limitation on carbon metabolism in diatoms

Brembu¹,

Mühlroth²,

Alipanah³

et al. 2017

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

113

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Phosphorus is an essential element for life, serving as an integral component of nucleic acids, lipids and a diverse range of other metabolites. Concentrations of bioavailable phosphorus are low in many aquatic environments. Microalgae, including diatoms, apply physiological and molecular strategies such as phosphorus scavenging or recycling as well as adjusting cell growth in order to adapt to limiting phosphorus concentrations. Such strategies also involve adjustments of the carbon metabolism. Here, we review the effect of phosphorus limitation on carbon metabolism in diatoms. Two transcriptome studies are analysed in detail, supplemented by other transcriptome, proteome and metabolite data, to gain an overview of different pathways and their responses. Phosphorus, nitrogen and silicon limitation responses are compared, and similarities and differences discussed. We use the current knowledge to propose a suggestive model for the carbon flow in phosphorus-replete and phosphorus-limited diatom cells.This article is part of the themed issue ‘The peculiar carbon metabolism in diatoms’.

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Section: Carbon Metabolism Responses To Phosphorus Limitation In Diatomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of phosphorus limitation on carbon metabolism in diatoms

Brembu¹,

Mühlroth²,

Alipanah³

et al. 2017

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

113

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“…One of the major limitations of this model was that it did not account for cell compartmentation. Subcellular compartmentation is essential for sugar accumulation (Patrick et al, 2013;G enard et al, 2014), and it can significantly affect metabolite concentrations (Sweetlove and Fernie, 2013;Beauvoit et al, 2014;Fettke and Fernie, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A kinetic model of sugar metabolism in peach fruit reveals a functional hypothesis of a markedly low fructose‐to‐glucose ratio phenotype

Desnoues

Génard²,

Quilot-Turion

et al. 2018

The Plant Journal

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The concentrations of sugars in fruit vary with fruit development, environment and genotype. In general, there were weak correlations between the variations in sugar concentrations and the activities of enzymes directly related with the synthesis or degradation of sugars. This finding suggests that the relationships between enzyme activities and metabolites are often non-linear and are difficult to assess. To simulate the concentrations of sucrose, glucose, fructose and sorbitol during the development of peach fruit, a kinetic model of sugar metabolism was developed by taking advantage of recent profiling data. Cell compartmentation (cytosol and vacuole) was described explicitly, and data-driven enzyme activities were used to parameterize equations. The model correctly accounts for both annual and genotypic variations, which were observed in 10 genotypes derived from an interspecific cross. They provided important information on the mechanisms underlying the specification of phenotypic differences. In particular, the model supports the hypothesis that a difference in fructokinase affinity could be responsible for a low fructose-to-glucose ratio phenotype, which was observed in the studied population.

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“…In addition to this main pathway, the transport of minor amounts of Glc and Glc phosphates into the cytosol during starch degradation has been reported (Weber et al, 2000;Kunz et al, 2010;Fettke et al, 2011a). In the cytosol, the exported maltose is metabolized by DISPROPORTIONATING ENZYME2 (DPE2; Chia et al, 2004;Lu and Sharkey, 2004;Fettke et al, 2006), transferring the nonreducing glucosyl residue of maltose to a cytosolic heteroglycan (Fettke et al, 2007;Fettke and Fernie, 2015) and releasing the other moiety as free Glc.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Starch Synthase 4 and Plastidal Phosphorylase Differentially Affect Starch Granule Number and Morphology

Malinova

Alseekh²,

Feil³

et al. 2017

Plant Physiol.

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The process of starch granule formation in leaves of Arabidopsis () is obscure. Besides STARCH SYNTHASE4 (SS4), the PLASTIDIAL PHOSPHORYLASE (PHS1) also seems to be involved, since double mutants lacking both PHS1 and the cytosolic DISPROPORTIONATING ENZYME2 (DPE2) displayed only one starch granule per chloroplast under normal growth conditions. For further studies, a triple mutant and various combinations of double mutants were generated and metabolically analyzed with a focus on starch metabolism. The mutant revealed a massive starch excess phenotype. Furthermore, these plants grown under 12 h of light/12 h of dark harbored a single large and spherical starch granule per plastid. The number of starch granules was constant when the light/dark regime was altered, but this was not observed in the parental lines. With regard to growth, photosynthetic parameters, and metabolic analyses, the triple mutant additionally displayed alterations in comparison with and The results clearly illustrate that PHS1 and SS4 are differently involved in starch granule formation and do not act in series. However, SS4 appears to exert a stronger influence. In connection with the characterized double mutants, we discuss the generation of starch granules and the observed formation of spherical starch granules.

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Intracellular and cell-to-apoplast compartmentation of carbohydrate metabolism

Cited by 36 publications

References 98 publications

The effects of phosphorus limitation on carbon metabolism in diatoms

The effects of phosphorus limitation on carbon metabolism in diatoms

A kinetic model of sugar metabolism in peach fruit reveals a functional hypothesis of a markedly low fructose‐to‐glucose ratio phenotype

Starch Synthase 4 and Plastidal Phosphorylase Differentially Affect Starch Granule Number and Morphology

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