Intra- and inter-rater reliability of isometric shoulder extensor and internal rotator strength measurements performed using a hand-held dynamometer

Abstract

[Purpose] The purpose of the present study was to establish the intra- and inter-rater reliability of measurement of extensor strength in the maximum shoulder abducted position and internal rotator strength in the 90° abducted and the 90° external rotated position using a hand-held dynamometer. [Subjects and Methods] Twelve healthy volunteers (12 male; mean ± SD: age 19.0 ± 1.1 years) participated in the study. The examiners were two students who had nonclinical experience with a hand-held dynamometer measurement. The examiners and participants were blinded to measurement results by the recorder. Participants in the prone position were instructed to hold the contraction against the ground reaction force, and peak isometric force was recorded using the hand-held dynamometer on the floor. Reliability was determined using intraclass correlation coefficients. [Results] The intra- and inter-rater reliability data were found to be “almost perfect”. [Conclusion] This study investigated intra- and inter-rater reliability and reveald high reliability. Thus, the measurement method used in the present study can evaluate muscle strength by a simple measurement technique.

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“…Extension force in the position of maximum shoulder abduction and internal rotation force in the position of abducted and external rotation were also measured. The measurement position of the extension force was maximum shoulder abduction with the elbow extended and the forearm in neutral 9 ) ( Fig. 1 ).…”

“…For the extension force measurements, participants stayed in a prone position with their toes, abdomen, chest, and mentum in contact with the floor. The measurement positions used to determine the internal rotation force were 90 degrees of abduction and 90 degrees of external rotation, with the elbows in 90 degrees flexion and the forearms in the neutral position 9 ) ( Fig. 1

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“…Participants performed a 3-second maximum isometric contraction 3 times per session with more than 5 minutes of rest between sessions. The examiner verified the measurements, which were repeated if the position changed or an error occurred 9 ) . The average of 3 repetitions was calculated.…”