Intestinal Villus Histological Alterations in Piglets fed Dietary Charcoal Powder Including Wood Vinegar Compound Liquid

Mekbungwan, Apichai; Yamauchi, Koh-en; Sakaida, Takashi

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0264.2004.00501.x

Cited by 46 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…These studies suggest that the present high light microscopic parameters and the protuberated cells are much more hypertrophied in CWVC than in PM groups. In our previous studies, such histological intestinal recovery from the atrophied intestinal histology in raw PM groups was observed after feedings of heated PM diet in piglets (Mekbungwan and Yamauchi, 2004), and of the CWVC diet in piglets (Mekbungwan et al, 2004b) and chickens (Samanya and Yamauchi, 2001). In the case of heated PM, the histological intestinal recovery was caused by a 99.15% decrease in the inhibition rate of trypsin in raw PM compared with 54.31% in heated PM (Mekbungwan and Yamauchi, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…Activated charcoal was reported to reduce the effects of dietary toxins by preventing intestinal absorption -E-mail: yamauchi@ag.kagawa-u.ac.jp (Anjaneyulu et al, 1993). Also, a dietary 3 g/kg powder mixture of amorphous charcoal carbon and wood vinegar compound solution (CWVC) has been shown to produce more intestinal villus hypertrophy compared with the controls, resulting in improved feed efficiency in chickens (Samanya and Yamauchi, 2001) and pigs (Mekbungwan et al, 2004b). Therefore, it was interesting to investigate the possibility that CWVC could reduce the protease inhibitory effect of dietary PM in piglet nutrition and encourage villus hypertrophy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of a charcoal powder–wood vinegar compound solution in piglets for raw pigeon pea seed meal

Mekbungwan

Yamauchi

Sakaida

et al. 2008

Animal

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Histological intestinal villus alterations were studied in piglets fed a raw pigeon pea meal (PM) diet including a powder mixture of amorphous charcoal carbon and wood vinegar compound solution (CWVC). Twenty-eight male castrated piglets were divided into seven dietary groups of four piglets each. The control group was fed raw PM supplemented to the basal diet (178 g/kg crude protein, 4.23 kcal/g gross energy) at 0 g/kg (CONT), 200 g/kg (PM200) and 400 g/kg (PM400). The treatment groups were fed CWVC in both PM200 and PM400 diet groups at levels of 10 g/kg and 30 g/kg (PM200 1 CWVC10, PM200 1 CWVC30, PM400 1 CWVC10 and PM400 1 CWVC30). With increasing dietary PM levels, daily feed intake tended to increase. In contrast, daily body-weight gain tended to decrease, significantly in the PM400 group (P , 0.05), resulting in a significant decrease of feed efficiency in PM groups (P , 0.05). Body-weight gain and feed efficiency were higher in the CWVC groups compared with the PM groups. The duodenum and ileum were longer (P , 0.05) in the PM400 group than in CONT, but were similar to CONT in CWVC groups. The liver was heavier (P , 0.05), whereas the weights of the heart, kidney and stomach were decreased in the CWVC groups than in other groups. Most values for the intestinal villus height, cell area and cell mitosis number were lower in PM groups than those in CONT (P , 0.05) for each intestinal segment; however, these values were higher in CWVC groups than in PM groups (P , 0.05). The epithelial cells on the duodenal villus surface of the PM200 group showed cell morphology almost similar to CONT. However, the PM400 group had a smooth villus surface due to the presence of flat cells. The epithelial cells of the CWVC groups were protuberated, resulting in a much rougher surface than CONT. The current growth performance and histological intestinal alterations in piglets fed PM and PM 1 CWVC diets demonstrate that the intestinal features might be atrophied by feeding PM, resulting in decreased growth performance. CWVC might prevent the harmful effects of PM dietary toxins on intestinal function, resulting in a normal growth performance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of a charcoal powder–wood vinegar compound solution in piglets for raw pigeon pea seed meal

Mekbungwan

Yamauchi

Sakaida

et al. 2008

Animal

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“…The small intestine of these SM animals had the higher values in the intestinal villus height, cell area and cell mitosis than those of PM [19], and epithelial cells on the villus apical surface showed a dome-like shape in the duodenum [19] and in the present jejunum; epithelial cells of the PM animals were a flat shape. It has been suggested that greater villus height and numerous cell mitosis in the intestine are indicators that the function of the intestinal villi is activated [14,35], and that the dome-like cells are hypertrophied [16,17]. This literature suggests that increased light microscopic parameters and the dome-like cells in the pigs fed SM might be hypertrophied and induced by the higher crude protein content, crude protein digestibility and digestible energy of the SM than of the control.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…This literature suggests that increased light microscopic parameters and the dome-like cells in the pigs fed SM might be hypertrophied and induced by the higher crude protein content, crude protein digestibility and digestible energy of the SM than of the control. Conversely, short villi were reported in pigs showing decreased body weight [16,17,37], and correspond with reductions of enzyme activities such as the mucosal lactase and sucrase [24], the lactase and alkaline phosphatase [37], and the alkaline phosphatase and disaccharidase [15]. Besides, on the apical surface of the short villi of PM groups, flattened epithelial cells were observed [16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digestibility of Soybean and Pigeon Pea Seed Meals and Morphological Intestinal Alterations in Pigs

Mekbungwan

Thongwittaya

Yamauchi

2004

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. To compare the nutrient digestibility of soybean meal (SM) and pigeon pea seed meal (PM) as well as morphological intestinal alterations in piglets fed them, three pigs per group were randomly selected at the end of the feeding experiment for ten days. Growth performance was higher in the SM group than in the PM group (p<0.05). The digestibility of crude protein, crude fat and crude fiber was 80.6%, 23.6% and 52.4% in the SM group, while in the PM group, values of 49.8%, 23.6% and 43.2% were observed, respectively. Digestible energy was 3.26 kcal g -1 in SM and 3.17 kcal g -1 in PM. It was concluded that the digestibility of PM was lower than that of SM; almost half of the protein in PM was digested. Dietary treatments had no effect on length of each small intestinal segment and weight of visceral organs (small intestine, liver, heart, spleen, kidney, stomach and lung) except the decreased kidney weight in the PM group (p<0.05). The epithelial cells on the jejunal villi showed a dome-like shape in the SM group, but they were a flat shape in the PM group. The present digestion trial and histological intestinal data suggest that the intestinal digestive and absorptive functions are much more atrophied in the PM group than in the SM group, and demonstrate that histological intestinal alterations might be well related with the intestinal functions. KEY WORDS: digestibility, pigeon pea seed, soybean meal, swine.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 66(6): 627-633, 2004 Soybean meal (SM) is an important legume in the human diet, and also provides a large proportion of dietary plant protein in animal feed. The use of alternative legume seeds is encouraged to supply a constant plant protein source in animal feed and to reduce dependence on SM imported to Thailand. Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L.) is a perennial legume indigenous to tropical and sub-tropical regions, and pigeon pea seed meal (PM) has been studied widely from nutritional [20,30] and growth performance [4,7,20] standpoints. Although its use is limited by the higher content of anti-nutritional factors such as trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitors than SM [2,34], Ene-Obong [7] has reported that such anti-nutritional factors do not cause problems in animals based on in vitro protein digestibility. In feeding experiments, PM could substitute SM in diets for pig based on growth performance [20]. However, a clear understanding of the nutrient digestibility in PM is still lacking. For ruminants, PM could be substituted for SM in diets based on its digestibility in sheep [4]. Compared with digestion trials using herbivores, the use of omnivores is crucial due to effects of feed ingredients other than PM on digestibility. In poultry, the metabolic energy of maize was established by feeding only one dietary component [6]. Amino acid digestibility of vetch was measured by force-feeding only one source of protein [8]. It was therefore concluded that an ingredient-feeding method described by these authors would be the most suitable method as an initial experiment of the digestibil...

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“…In our previous study, the addition of wood charcoal powder including vinegar liquid improved body weight gain in chickens (Samanya and Yamauchi, 2001) and piglets (Mekbungwan et al, 2004) by activating intestinal villi and epithelial cells. This might be induced by both influences of wood charcoal and wood vinegar compound liquid.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of dietary bamboo charcoal powder including vinegar liquid on chicken performance and histological alterations of intestine

Yamauchi¹,

Ruttanavut²,

Takenoyama³

2010

J. Anim. Feed Sci.

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Forty-eight 154-d-old White Leghorn hens were fed a diet containing 0 (control), 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% bamboo charcoal powder including vinegar liquid (SB). Compared with the control group, production performance in the SB groups did not differ. Egg production tended to be increased in the 0.5 and 1.0% SB groups, but decreased in the 1.5% SB group; the former two groups were higher than the latter (P<0.05). The SB groups showed a lower level of faecal ammonia gas and a higher level of polyphenol in the egg yolk, but the differences were not statistically significant. The intestinal villus height, cell area, and cell mitosis number tended to be higher in the SB groups. Duodenal cell mitosis was increased in all SB groups (P<0.05). The control group showed flat cells on the villus apical surface, while the SB groups showed protuberated cells. The present results indicate stimulating effects of dietary SB on intestinal villi and structure of epithelial cells and the 0.5 and 1.0% levels improved production performance. These suggest that the SB can be supplemented until a level of 1.0%.

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Intestinal Villus Histological Alterations in Piglets fed Dietary Charcoal Powder Including Wood Vinegar Compound Liquid

Cited by 46 publications

References 31 publications

Effects of a charcoal powder–wood vinegar compound solution in piglets for raw pigeon pea seed meal

Effects of a charcoal powder–wood vinegar compound solution in piglets for raw pigeon pea seed meal

Digestibility of Soybean and Pigeon Pea Seed Meals and Morphological Intestinal Alterations in Pigs

Effects of dietary bamboo charcoal powder including vinegar liquid on chicken performance and histological alterations of intestine

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