Effects of a charcoal powder–wood vinegar compound solution in piglets for raw pigeon pea seed meal

Abstract

Histological intestinal villus alterations were studied in piglets fed a raw pigeon pea meal (PM) diet including a powder mixture of amorphous charcoal carbon and wood vinegar compound solution (CWVC). Twenty-eight male castrated piglets were divided into seven dietary groups of four piglets each. The control group was fed raw PM supplemented to the basal diet (178 g/kg crude protein, 4.23 kcal/g gross energy) at 0 g/kg (CONT), 200 g/kg (PM200) and 400 g/kg (PM400). The treatment groups were fed CWVC in both PM200 and PM400 diet groups at levels of 10 g/kg and 30 g/kg (PM200 1 CWVC10, PM200 1 CWVC30, PM400 1 CWVC10 and PM400 1 CWVC30). With increasing dietary PM levels, daily feed intake tended to increase. In contrast, daily body-weight gain tended to decrease, significantly in the PM400 group (P , 0.05), resulting in a significant decrease of feed efficiency in PM groups (P , 0.05). Body-weight gain and feed efficiency were higher in the CWVC groups compared with the PM groups. The duodenum and ileum were longer (P , 0.05) in the PM400 group than in CONT, but were similar to CONT in CWVC groups. The liver was heavier (P , 0.05), whereas the weights of the heart, kidney and stomach were decreased in the CWVC groups than in other groups. Most values for the intestinal villus height, cell area and cell mitosis number were lower in PM groups than those in CONT (P , 0.05) for each intestinal segment; however, these values were higher in CWVC groups than in PM groups (P , 0.05). The epithelial cells on the duodenal villus surface of the PM200 group showed cell morphology almost similar to CONT. However, the PM400 group had a smooth villus surface due to the presence of flat cells. The epithelial cells of the CWVC groups were protuberated, resulting in a much rougher surface than CONT. The current growth performance and histological intestinal alterations in piglets fed PM and PM 1 CWVC diets demonstrate that the intestinal features might be atrophied by feeding PM, resulting in decreased growth performance. CWVC might prevent the harmful effects of PM dietary toxins on intestinal function, resulting in a normal growth performance.

Effects of dietary bamboo charcoal powder including vinegar liquid on chicken performance and histological alterations of intestine

“…In addition to the higher values of light microscopic parameters, protrusion of epithelial cells was frequently observed in the present SB-fed chickens. Such cell protrusion features were also reported in chickens (Yamauchi et al, 2006), Aigamo ducks (a hybrid of the wild duck and domestic duck) (Khambualai et al, 2009), and piglets (Mekbungwan et al, 2008) showing body weight gain. These reports suggest that the higher values of light microscopic parameters and the protrusion of epithelial cells in SB birds would be multiplicatively stimulated by both influences of bamboo charcoal and bamboo vinegar liquid.…”

Digestibility and metabolizable energy values of processed cassava chips for growing and finishing pigs

“…When pigs were fed higher dietary fiber, the percentage of their DE and ME decreased (Campbell et al 2003). In our previous studies, pigeon pea seed meal including crude fiber of 6.80% could be incorporated beyond the 30% level for piglet diet and up to the 20% level for growing pig diet (Mekbungwan et al 1999) due to its no damage on intestinal histology (Mekbungwan et al 2008). This suggests that the present peeled cassava chips also might to be no giving damage for intestinal functions and to find alternative sources of energy and protein.…”

Increased collagen III in culled chicken meat after feeding dietary wood charcoal and vinegar contributes to palatability and tenderness

“…), Aigamo ducks (Ruttanavut & Yamauchi ), and pigs (Mekbungwan et al . ).In the WCV‐fed Aigamo ducks, analytical energy values were 17 percentage points higher for breast meat and 20 points higher for thigh meat than in the controls (Ruttanavut & Yamauchi ). Further, heart, liver and thyroid gland were two points higher.…”