Intestinal, segmented, filamentous bacteria

Klaasen, H. L. B. M.; Koopman, J. P.; Poelma, F. G. J.; Beynen, A.C.

doi:10.1111/j.1574-6968.1992.tb04986.x

Cited by 118 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…SFB were first discovered 30 years ago based on very distinct cell morphology (Savage, ; Davis & Savage, ; Chase & Erlandsen, ). Since then, SFB have been discovered in a wide range of vertebrates and invertebrates, including mouse, rat, monkey, pig, sheep, bovine, horse, zebra, dog, cat, guinea pig, frog, toad, duck, chicken, turkey, quail, rainbow trout, myriapod, termite, cockroach, beetle, and isopod (Hampton & Rosario, ; Savage, ; Fuller & Turvey, ; Davis & Savage, ; Pearson et al ., ; Klaasen et al ., , , b; Urdaci et al ., ). So far, in vitro cultivation of SFB has been unsuccessful, but phylogenetic classification, based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences groups, placed this bacteria into the Clostridiacaea group and has been designated as ‘ Candidatus Arthromitus ’ (Snel et al ., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colonization and distribution of segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) in chicken gastrointestinal tract and their relationship with host immunity

Liao

Yin

Sun

et al. 2012

FEMS Microbiol Ecol

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Uncultivable segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) reside in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of mammals and can boost the host immunity. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) from mother's milk has been previously shown to be a key factor in regulating SFB colonization. Because neonatal chicken cannot acquire IgA from maternal milk, they are a good model to examine the role of IgA in SFB colonization. Here, we used the fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and quantitative PCR (qPCR) to monitor the colonization and distribution of SFB in chickens aged from 2‐day‐old to 6‐week‐old. Early SFB colonization, which primarily occurred in the ileal mucosa (< 13 days old), was IgA independent. From the age of 17–42 days, there was an increase in IgA in the gut mucosa, which was correlated with a decrease in SFB. To examine the effect of probiotics and immunosuppression on SFB colonization, we treated the chickens by feeding them Lactobacillus delbrueckii or giving them a subcutaneous injection of cyclophosphamide (CTX). Feeding lactobacilli at birth rendered SFB colonization occurring 4 days earlier, while CTX treatment increases the SFB colonization through reducing the other non‐SFB bacteria. Altogether, our data suggest that early colonization of SFB in chicken occurs independently of IgA and the population of SFB in the GI tract of chicken may be manipulated from birth via probiotic or CTX treatment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colonization and distribution of segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) in chicken gastrointestinal tract and their relationship with host immunity

Liao

Yin

Sun

et al. 2012

FEMS Microbiol Ecol

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“…SFB are gut commensal bacteria that colonize the ileum mucosa of various vertebrates, including humans, mice, rats, chickens, and pigs (5)(6)(7)(8). However, SFB colonization is host specific (9,10), and a direct interaction with the ileum mucosa may be required for regulating the differentiation of Th17 cells (2,4,10).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…To date, researchers have not observed SFB flagellin via electron microscopy (5,(20)(21)(22). In this study, we first investigated the gene diversity and host specificity of the SFB functional genes fliC1, fliC2, fliC3, and fliC4.…”

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confidence: 99%

Host Specificity of Flagellins from Segmented Filamentous Bacteria Affects Their Patterns of Interaction with Mouse Ileal Mucosal Proteins

Chen

Yin

Wang

et al. 2017

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) are known modulators of the mammalian immune system. Currently, the technology for investigating SFB culture in vitro is immature, and as a result, the mechanisms of SFB colonization and immune regulation are not yet fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the gene diversity and host specificity of SFB flagellin genes. The fliC1 and fliC2 genes are relatively conserved, while the fliC3 and fliC4 genes are more variable, especially at the central and C-terminal regions. Host specificity analysis demonstrated that the fliC1 genes do not cluster together based on the host organism, whereas the fliC3 and fliC4 genes were host specific at the nucleotide and deduced amino acid levels. SFB flagellin protein expression in the ileum mucosa and cecal contents was detected by using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) combined with immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis, immunoblotting, and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Although the purified SFB FliC3 protein originating from both mouse and rat was able to activate Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5)-linked NF-B signaling, no host specificity was observed. Interestingly, the patterns of interaction with mouse ileum mucosal proteins were different for mouse FliC3 (mFliC3) and rat FliC3 (rFliC3). Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG analyses indicated that more adherence-related proteins interacted with mFliC3, while more lysosome-and proteolysis-related proteins interacted with rFliC3. In vitro degradation experiments indicated that the stability of rFliC3 was lower than that of mFliC3 when they were incubated with mouse ileum mucosal proteins. In summary, the gene diversity and host specificity of SFB flagellin genes were investigated, and SFB flagellin expression was detected in gut samples.IMPORTANCE Since SFB genomes contain only one copy of each FliC gene, the diversity of FliC is representative of SFB strain diversity. Currently, little is known regarding the diversity and specificity of members of the group of SFB. The work presented herein demonstrates that select SFB strains, exhibiting unique FliC patterns, are present in a variety of mammalian hosts. SFB fliC genes were found to interact with a number of unique targets, providing further evidence for SFB host selection. Together, this work represents a major advancement in identifying SFB and delineating how members of the group of SFB interact with the host. Future examination of FliC genes will likely enhance our knowledge of intestinal colonization by the gut microbiota.KEYWORDS segmented filamentous bacteria, flagellin, host specificity, gene diversity, ileum mucosal proteins

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“…Indigenous bacteria more frequently adhere to FAE than to epithelia of FAIV and IV [13, 17, 20]. In the rat small intestine, it is suggested that bacteria proliferating on the mucosal surface are recognized by TLR-2 expressed in MV of IV and that TLR-2-negative MV at the apices of IV probably contribute to the adhesion of indigenous bacteria at the villous apices [15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential expression of Toll-like receptor-2, -4 and -9 in follicle-associated epithelium from epithelia of both follicle-associated intestinal villi and ordinary intestinal villi in rat Peyer’s patches

Yuasa

Mantani

Masuda

et al. 2016

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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The expressions of Toll-like receptor (TLR) -2, -4 and -9 were immunohistochemically investigated in the follicle-associated epithelium (FAE), and epithelia of the follicle-associated intestinal villus (FAIV) and ordinary intestinal villus (IV) in rat Peyer’s patch regions with no bacterial colonies on the mucous membranes. TLR-2 was expressed in the striated borders of microvillous columnar epithelial cells (MV) in both FAIV and IV except in the apices. However, TLR-2 expression in the striated borders was weaker in the epithelium of the follicular side of FAIV (f-FAIV) than in epithelia of IV and the anti-follicular side of FAIV. TLR-4 and -9 were not expressed in the FAIV and IV. In the FAE, TLR-2, -4 and -9 were not expressed in the striated borders of MV, but the roofs of some typical M-cells were immunopositive for all TLRs. Especially, no TLR-positive MV were found at the FAE sites where M-cells appeared most frequently. In the follicle-associated intestinal crypt (FAIC), immunopositivity for all TLRs was observed in the striated borders of MV and the luminal substances. In conclusion, the lower levels of TLR-2 in both FAE and the epithelium of f-FAIV probably reduce recognition of indigenous bacteria. TLR-2, -4 and -9 appear not to participate directly in differentiation of MV into M-cells, because TLRs were not expressed in any MV in the upstream region of M-cells in FAE with no settlement of indigenous bacteria in the rat Peyer’s patches.

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Intestinal, segmented, filamentous bacteria

Cited by 118 publications

References 64 publications

Colonization and distribution of segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) in chicken gastrointestinal tract and their relationship with host immunity

Colonization and distribution of segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) in chicken gastrointestinal tract and their relationship with host immunity

Host Specificity of Flagellins from Segmented Filamentous Bacteria Affects Their Patterns of Interaction with Mouse Ileal Mucosal Proteins

Differential expression of Toll-like receptor-2, -4 and -9 in follicle-associated epithelium from epithelia of both follicle-associated intestinal villi and ordinary intestinal villi in rat Peyer’s patches

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