Intestinal microbiota and faecal transplantation as treatment modality for insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus

Sd, Udayappan; Av, Hartstra; Dallinga‐Thie, Geesje M.; Nieuwdorp, Max

doi:10.1111/cei.12293

Cited by 86 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Among the individual genera which responded to the dietary intervention, the abundance of Faecalibacterium was directly related to the concentration of butyric acid, as suggested by the positive association between changes in butyrate concentration and the abundance of Faecalibacterium. A study using faecal microbiota transplantation from lean donors to insulin-resistant patients with metabolic syndrome demonstrated that faeces from lean subjects were associated with enhanced numbers of butyrate-producing bacteria and increased insulin sensitivity 41. In contrast, a significant reduction of dietary carbohydrates in omnivores led to much lower levels of faecal SCFAs and decreased bacterial numbers 39.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of dietary fat on gut microbiota and faecal metabolites, and their relationship with cardiometabolic risk factors: a 6-month randomised controlled-feeding trial

Wan

Wang²,

Yuan

et al. 2019

Gut

465

300

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ObjectiveTo investigate whether diets differing in fat content alter the gut microbiota and faecal metabolomic profiles, and to determine their relationship with cardiometabolic risk factors in healthy adults whose diet is in a transition from a traditional low-fat diet to a diet high in fat and reduced in carbohydrate.MethodsIn a 6-month randomised controlled-feeding trial, 217 healthy young adults (aged 18–35 years; body mass index <28 kg/m2; 52% women) who completed the whole trial were included. All the foods were provided during the intervention period. The three isocaloric diets were: a lower-fat diet (fat 20% energy), a moderate-fat diet (fat 30% energy) and a higher-fat diet (fat 40% energy). The effects of the dietary interventions on the gut microbiota, faecal metabolomics and plasma inflammatory factors were investigated.ResultsThe lower-fat diet was associated with increased α-diversity assessed by the Shannon index (p=0.03), increased abundance of Blautia (p=0.007) and Faecalibacterium (p=0.04), whereas the higher-fat diet was associated with increased Alistipes (p=0.04), Bacteroides (p<0.001) and decreased Faecalibacterium (p=0.04). The concentration of total short-chain fatty acids was significantly decreased in the higher-fat diet group in comparison with the other groups (p<0.001). The cometabolites p-cresol and indole, known to be associated with host metabolic disorders, were decreased in the lower-fat diet group. In addition, the higher-fat diet was associated with faecal enrichment in arachidonic acid and the lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis pathway as well as elevated plasma proinflammatory factors after the intervention.ConclusionHigher-fat consumption by healthy young adults whose diet is in a state of nutrition transition appeared to be associated with unfavourable changes in gut microbiota, faecal metabolomic profiles and plasma proinﬂammatory factors, which might confer adverse consequences for long-term health outcomes.Trial registration number NCT02355795; Results.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of dietary fat on gut microbiota and faecal metabolites, and their relationship with cardiometabolic risk factors: a 6-month randomised controlled-feeding trial

Wan

Wang²,

Yuan

et al. 2019

Gut

465

300

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This research implicates enteric butyrate-producing bacteria, such as R. intestinalis , Faecalibacterium spp. and Eubacterium hallii, as potential probiotics for the alleviation of metabolic endotoxemia-induced T2D 223. There is also evidence that more classical probiotics, such as the commercial probiotic cocktail VSL#3, can offer complete correction of weight gain and glucose intolerance associated with diet-induced T2D in mice 224.…”

Section: Probiotics As Diabetic Therapiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microbiota, obesity and diabetes

Patterson

Ryan

Cryan

et al. 2016

Postgraduate Medical Journal

443

281

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The central role of the intestinal microbiota in the progression and, equally, prevention of metabolic dysfunction is becoming abundantly apparent. The symbiotic relationship between intestinal microbiota and host ensures appropriate development of the metabolic system in humans. However, disturbances in composition and, in turn, functionality of the intestinal microbiota can disrupt gut barrier function, a trip switch for metabolic endotoxemia. This low-grade chronic inflammation, brought about by the influx of inflammatory bacterial fragments into circulation through a malfunctioning gut barrier, has considerable knock-on effects for host adiposity and insulin resistance. Conversely, recent evidence suggests that there are certain bacterial species that may interact with host metabolism through metabolite-mediated stimulation of enteric hormones and other systems outside of the gastrointestinal tract, such as the endocannabinoid system. When the abundance of these keystone species begins to decline, we see a collapse of the symbiosis, reflected in a deterioration of host metabolic health. This review will investigate the intricate axis between the microbiota and host metabolism, while also addressing the promising and novel field of probiotics as metabolic therapies.

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“…Positive benefits on satiety, cholesterol levels, and glucose metabolism have been recorded by increasing SCFA production in animals fed resistant starch [155,156]. The positive effects of butyrate-producing bacteria on blood glucose and lipid metabolism are also evidenced by fecal transplantation studies [157,158]. The positive effects on glucose are achieved largely by increases in glucagon-like peptide-1, which increases insulin secretion, lowering plasma glucose and preserving beta cell function [159,160].…”

Section: Effects Of Scfas On Energy Homeostasismentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of the Microbial Metabolites Including Tryptophan Catabolites and Short Chain Fatty Acids in the Pathophysiology of Immune-Inflammatory and Neuroimmune Disease

Morris¹,

et al. 2016

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There is a growing awareness that gut commensal metabolites play a major role in host physiology and indeed the pathophysiology of several illnesses. The composition of the microbiota largely determines the levels of tryptophan in the systemic circulation and hence, indirectly, the levels of serotonin in the brain. Some microbiota synthesize neurotransmitters directly, e.g., gamma-amino butyric acid, while modulating the synthesis of neurotransmitters, such as dopamine and norepinephrine, and brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF). The composition of the microbiota determines the levels and nature of tryptophan catabolites (TRYCATs) which in turn has profound effects on aryl hydrocarbon receptors, thereby influencing epithelial barrier integrity and the presence of an inflammatory or tolerogenic environment in the intestine and beyond. The composition of the microbiota also determines the levels and ratios of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) such as butyrate and propionate. Butyrate is a key energy source for colonocytes. Dysbiosis leading to reduced levels of SCFAs, notably butyrate, therefore may have adverse effects on epithelial barrier integrity, energy homeostasis, and the T helper 17/regulatory/T cell balance. Moreover, dysbiosis leading to reduced butyrate levels may increase bacterial translocation into the systemic circulation. As examples, we describe the role of microbial metabolites in the pathophysiology of diabetes type 2 and autism.

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Intestinal microbiota and faecal transplantation as treatment modality for insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus

Cited by 86 publications

References 50 publications

Effects of dietary fat on gut microbiota and faecal metabolites, and their relationship with cardiometabolic risk factors: a 6-month randomised controlled-feeding trial

Effects of dietary fat on gut microbiota and faecal metabolites, and their relationship with cardiometabolic risk factors: a 6-month randomised controlled-feeding trial

Gut microbiota, obesity and diabetes

The Role of the Microbial Metabolites Including Tryptophan Catabolites and Short Chain Fatty Acids in the Pathophysiology of Immune-Inflammatory and Neuroimmune Disease

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