Intestinal crosstalk between bile acids and microbiota in irritable bowel syndrome

Abstract

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a relatively common functional gastrointestinal disease with a disturbance of intestinal bacteria. Bile acids, gut microbiota, and the host have close and complex interactions, which play a central role in modulating host immune and metabolic homeostasis. Recent studies suggested that the bile acid–gut microbiota axis played a key role in the development of IBS patients. In order to investigate the role of bile acids in the pathogenesis of IBS and present potentially relevant clinical implications, we conducted a literature search on intestinal interactions between bile acid and gut microbiota. The intestinal crosstalk between bile acids and gut microbiota shapes the compositional and functional alterations in IBS, manifesting as gut microbial dysbiosis, disturbed bile acid pathway, and alteration of the microbial metabolites. Collaboratively, bile acid conducts the pathogenesis of IBS through the alterations of the farnesoid‐X receptor and G protein‐coupled receptor. Diagnostic markers and treatments targeting the bile acids and its receptor showed promising potential in the management of IBS. Bile acids and gut microbiota play a key role in the development of IBS and make attractive biomarkers for treatments. Individualized therapy aiming at bile acids and its receptor may provide significant diagnostic and requires further investigation.

Cholestyramine alleviates bone and muscle loss in irritable bowel syndrome via regulating bile acid metabolism

“…For example, scientists illustrate that Firmicutes stimulate the production of colonic serotonin which is involved in osteoporosis and irritable bowel syndrome 35 . Gut microbiota is imperative to the BAs metabolism in gastrointestinal tracts 36 . In the first instance, conjugated BAs secreted into the intestine can be hydrolyzed to free BAs under the action of bile salt hydrolase (BSH) enzymes in various bacteria.…”

“… 35 Gut microbiota is imperative to the BAs metabolism in gastrointestinal tracts. 36 In the first instance, conjugated BAs secreted into the intestine can be hydrolyzed to free BAs under the action of bile salt hydrolase (BSH) enzymes in various bacteria. And this is a prerequisite for further BAs metabolism by the microbiome.…”

Manipulating Microbiota in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Treatment: Clinical and Natural Product Interventions Explored

“…Bound BAs can be hydrolyzed by bile salt hydrolase (BSH), releasing glycine or taurine and leaving free Bas. Microbiota, including Firmicutes , Clostridia , Enterococci , Listeria and Lactobacilli , as well as Actinobacteria and Bifidobacteria , can generate BSH to participate in BA metabolism [ 57 ]. Bile acids have direct toxic effects on bacteria through membrane damage and other effects to modulate the structure of the gut microbial community [ 58 ].…”