Intestinal Colonization byvanA- orvanB2-Containing Enterococcal Isolates of Healthy Animals in Spain

Abstract

Fecal samples of healthy animals (66 pigs, 22 pets) recovered during 1998 in La Rioja, Spain, were analyzed for vancomycin-resistant enterococci colonization. Vancomycin resistance mechanisms were analyzed by PCR and sequencing. vanA-containing enterococci were detected in 3 of 66 samples (4.5%) and 5 of 22 samples (22.7%) of the pig and pet samples, respectively. Seven unrelated pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns were detected among the 8 vanA isolates (7 Enterococcus faecium, 1 E. faecalis). The tet(M) gene was present in all eight vanA enterococcal isolates, while the erm(B) and aac(6')-Ie-aph(2")-Ia genes were detected in 6 and 3 isolates, respectively. Colonization by vanC-1-containing enterococci (E. gallinarum) was demonstrated in 3% and 4.5% of the pig and pet samples. The aac(6')-Ie-aph(2")-Ia, ant(6)-Ia, aph(3')-IIIa, erm(B) and tet(M) genes were identified in one of the E. gallinarum isolates from a pig fecal sample. One vanB2-containing E. hirae strain was detected in the fecal sample of a healthy pig. In this isolate, the vanB2 gene cluster was integrated into the Tn5382-like element, as demonstrated by specific PCRs and sequencing. The tet(M) and erm(B) genes were also detected in this isolate. This is the first report in which a vanB2-containing enterococci is detected in animals and in E. hirae.

Molecular characterization of vancomycin-resistant enterococci and extended-spectrum β-lactamase-containingEscherichia coliisolates in wild birds from the Azores Archipelago

“…In recent years, different reports have alerted us to the spread of VRE and/or ESBL-containing E. coli isolates from clinical, farm and wild animals in different European countries (Mallon et al, 2002;Torres et al, 2003;Bonnedahl et al, 2010;Literak et al, 2010;Pinto et al, 2010). Although the percentage of vanA isolates from wild birds in the Azores was lower when compared with other studies performed in mainland Portugal in farm and wild animals (Poeta et al, 2005a;Gonçalves et al, 2010;Radhouani et al, 2010b, Radhouani et al, 2010c, our isolates showed a phenotype of multi-resistance.…”

“…The isolates with resistance to one or more antimicrobials were selected for antimicrobial-resistance gene characterization. In VRE isolates, the vancomycin resistance genes (vanA, vanB, vanC-1, and vanC-2) were tested by PCR (Torres et al, 2003) in all enterococcal isolates that showed resistance or reduced susceptibility to glycopeptides. The resistance genes for the other studied antimicrobials were also tested by PCR and were: erm(A), and erm(B) (in erythromycin-resistant isolates) (Torres et al, 2003); tet(M) and tet(L) (in tetracycline-resistant isolates) (Aarestrup et al, 2000;Torres et al, 2003); vat(D) and vat(E) (in quinupristin/dalfopristinresistant isolates) (Aarestrup et al, 2000); and aph(3?…”

“…The resistance genes for the other studied antimicrobials were also tested by PCR and were: erm(A), and erm(B) (in erythromycin-resistant isolates) (Torres et al, 2003); tet(M) and tet(L) (in tetracycline-resistant isolates) (Aarestrup et al, 2000;Torres et al, 2003); vat(D) and vat(E) (in quinupristin/dalfopristinresistant isolates) (Aarestrup et al, 2000); and aph(3? )-IIIa (in kanamycin-resistant isolates) (Torres et al, 2003). In addition, the presence of Tn916-specific and Tn5397-specific sequences was also analysed by PCR (Agerso et al, 2006).…”

Multidrug-resistant enterococci in the hospital environment: detection of novel vancomycin-resistant E. faecium clone ST910

“…Resistance genes were sought by PCR in enterococcal isolates that showed resistance to glycopeptides (van(A), van(B), van(C1), and van(C2)) [16]…”

Resistência antimicrobiana em Enterococcus faecalis e Enterococcus faecium isolados de carcaças de frango

“…Para a realização da detecção dos genes de resistência por PCR, foram utilizadas colônias isoladas conforme descrito por Titze-de-Almeida et al (2004). Para a identificação dos genes de resistência aos antimicrobianos, foram utilizados os primers vanA, vanB, vanC-1 e vanC-2/3 para Vancomicina; os primers ant(6)-Ia, aac(6')-Ie-aph(2'')-Ia e aph(3')-IIIa para Aminoglicosí-deos; os primers erm(A), erm(B), erm(C) para Macrolídeos; e o primer tet(M) para Tetraciclina (Torres et al, 2003). As condições para a realização da PCR-multiplex para detecção dos genes de resistência à Vancomicina foram as mesmas utilizadas na diferenciação das espécies E. faecium e E. faecalis.…”