Intestinal Adaptation after Massive Proximal Small-Bowel Resection in the Pig

Lauronen, Jouni; Pakarinen, Mikko P.; Kuusanmãki, Pekka; Savilahti, Erkki; Vento, Pälvi; Paavonen, Timo; Halttunen, Jorma

doi:10.1080/00365529850166879

Cited by 49 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The results of this study demonstrate that supplementation of glutamine by bolus had no apparent beneficial effects on the intestinal adaptation after massive intestinal resection, since it did not improve the intestinal mucosa weight, ileal DNA, RNA, protein concentrations, sucrose activity, or the intestinal morphology when compared to glycine or saline. The adaptive process was similar to previous resection studies and all markers of intestinal adaptation were significantly enhanced 10 days after resection [15, 16]. …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

No Effect of Bolus Glutamine Supplementation on the Postresectional Adaptation of Small Bowel Mucosa in Rats Receiving Chow ad libitum

Yang

Larsson²,

Permert³

et al. 2000

Dig Surg

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Objective: Early postoperative enteral feeding has been reported to stimulate intestinal mucosa proliferation. Dietary components influence the intestinal adaptive response after resection and glutamine is a preferential nutrient to enterocytes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of bolus glutamine supplementation on intestinal adaptation. Methods: Male Wistar rats underwent a 65% small bowel resection. The rats were divided into three groups receiving glutamine 2 g/kg/day, isonitrogenous glycine or saline by gavage for 10 days. All the rats were provided with ordinary rat chow ad libitum. Sampling was done 10 days after resection. Animals fed ordinary rat chow without surgery or specific treatment served as control. Results: Mucosal wet weight, DNA, RNA, protein contents and sucrose activity, as well as villus height increased in the ileal remnant. No significant differences in any of these parameters or body weight could be found between the three groups. Conclusion: Postoperative enteral bolus glutamine supplementation at a dose of 2 g/kg b.w. did not enhance the adaptation of the residual intestine 10 days after massive intestinal resection in the rat.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

No Effect of Bolus Glutamine Supplementation on the Postresectional Adaptation of Small Bowel Mucosa in Rats Receiving Chow ad libitum

Yang

Larsson²,

Permert³

et al. 2000

Dig Surg

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“…This ultimately decreases inflammatory processes at the intestinal mucosa, thus increasing villus height and secretory activity (Loddi et al, 2004). Furthermore, increased villus size was also associated with activated cell proliferation in the crypt (Lauronen et al, 1998). In conclusion, the present results and related literature suggested that these intestine morphological changes might be induced by improved jejumum and ileum lumen due to adsorptive function of the crystal structural cavities of CLI (Khambualai et al, 2009), because a crystal structure of CLI is thought to induce epithelial cell generation in broilers (Mumpton and Fishman, 1977).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal Development and Function of Broiler Chickens on Diets Supplemented with Clinoptilolite

Zhou

et al. 2013

Asian Australas. J. Anim. Sci

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of natural clinoptilolite (NCLI) and modified clinoptilolite (MCLI) on broiler performance, gut morphology, intestinal length and weight, and gut digestive enzyme activity. A total of 240 d-old male chicks were randomly assigned to 3 treatments, each of which comprised 8 pens of 10 chicks per pen. Birds in the control group were fed the basal diet, while those in the experimental groups were fed diets supplemented with NCLI at 2% (NCLI group), or MCLI at 2% (MCLI group), respectively, for 42 d. Compared with the control, supplementation with NCLI or MCLI had no significant (p>0.05) effects on productive parameters from d 1 to 42. Supplementation with NCLI or MCLI had no influence on the relative length and weight of small intestine at d 1 to 21. But supplementation with NCLI or MCLI significantly reduced the relative weight of duodenum. Supplementation with MCLI and NCLI was associated with greater (p<0.05) villus height in the jejunal and ileal mucosa compared with those areas in the controls from d 1 to 42. However, supplementation with NCLI and MCLI had no significant (p>0.05) influence on the crypt depth in the jejunal and ileal mucosa compared with those in the controls. The addition of either NCLI or MCLI to the diet improved the activities of total protease, and amylase in the small intestinal contents. In conclusion, supplementation with NCLI or MCLI in diets improved intestinal morphology, increased the intestinal length and weigh and gut digestive enzyme activity.

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“…However, among all pigs (saline + LPS) fed the Low diets, jejunal villus height was increased (at 5% inclusion level of fish oil) and crypt depth decreased with increasing supplementation of fish oil. Increased crypt depth indicates increased cell production (Lauronen et al, 1998;Mei and Xu, 2005) and typically occurs in response to villus atrophy during periods of recovery or regeneration (e.g., during postweaning transition in young pigs; Smith et al, 1984;Pluske et al, 1997). Therefore, increasing the inclusion level of fish oil during the first 3 wk after weaning may protect the microstructure of the jejunum when the newly weaned pig is exposed to foreign immune-reactive plant proteins and perturbations in feed intake during the early weaning phase.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of reducing the ratio of omega-6-to-omega-3 fatty acids in diets of low protein quality on nursery pig growth performance and immune response

Huber

Hooda

Fisher-Heffernan

et al. 2018

Journal of Animal Science

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A total of 240 newly weaned pigs (5.25 ± 0.15 kg BW) were used to determine the dietary omega-6-to-omega-3 (ω-6:ω-3) fatty acid ratio that optimized growth performance and immune responses when fed corn and soybean meal (SBM)-based diets with low protein quality. Pigs were randomly assigned to 1 of 5 dietary treatments (n = 6 pens per treatment; day 0 of study): [1] positive control (High; included animal proteins and 5% corn oil), [2] negative control (Low0; corn- and SBM-based and 5% corn oil), or 1 of 3 Low diets with increasing supplementation of fish oil to replace corn oil: [3] 1.25% (Low1.25), [4] 2.5% (Low2.5), [5] 5% (Low5) to achieve 5:1, 3:1, and 1:1 ω-6:ω-3 ratios, respectively. Pigs were fed dietary treatments in 2 phases for 7 and 14 d, respectively, followed by a common phase III diet for 21 d. On day 6 and 20, 12 pigs per treatment were immune sensitized with 0.5 mg ovalbumin (OVA) and 0.5 mg Quil A adjuvant in 1 mL saline. The dermal hypersensitivity response (DHR) was evaluated on day 40 in these same pigs, using intradermal injection of OVA; changes in skin-fold thickness were measured. On day 21, 4 pigs per pen were immune challenged with LPS (30 µg Escherichia coli LPS per kg BW) or saline (n = 12); rectal temperature was monitored over 3 h. During phase I only, ADG, ADFI, and G:F were greater for pigs fed the High diet vs. those fed the Low diet (P < 0.05), and increased with increasing fish oil supplementation up to 2.5% (Low2.5), but decreased for pigs fed the Low5 diet (quadratic; P < 0.05, P = 0.086, and P < 0.05 for ADG, ADFI, and G:F, respectively). On day 21, LPS increased rectal temperature (vs. saline at 1-, 2-, and 3-h post-challenge; P < 0.001); fish oil supplementation reduced rectal temperature 2-h post-challenge in the Low-fed pigs (linear; P < 0.05). On day 22, serum haptoglobin was greatest for pigs fed Low0 and decreased with increasing fish oil supplementation (linear; P < 0.05). Immunization with OVA induced a serum anti-OVA IgG response, which was reduced on day 34 among pigs fed Low diets with increasing fish oil supplementation (linear; P = 0.050). On day 40, and 6 h after intradermal injection of OVA, the DHR was least for pigs fed the Low2.5 diet (P< 0.05). Inclusion of 2.5% fish oil (3:1, ω-6:ω-3) optimized growth performance during the early nursery phase when pigs were most sensitive to diets with low protein quality; the ideal ω-6-to-ω-3 fatty acid ratio may differ when using immune responses as the major outcome.

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Intestinal Adaptation after Massive Proximal Small-Bowel Resection in the Pig

Abstract: Small-intestinal adaptation in the pig involves macroscopic enlargement and a prompt increase in villus size, which is associated with high crypt cell proliferation.

Cited by 49 publications

References 16 publications

No Effect of Bolus Glutamine Supplementation on the Postresectional Adaptation of Small Bowel Mucosa in Rats Receiving Chow ad libitum

No Effect of Bolus Glutamine Supplementation on the Postresectional Adaptation of Small Bowel Mucosa in Rats Receiving Chow ad libitum

Intestinal Development and Function of Broiler Chickens on Diets Supplemented with Clinoptilolite

Effect of reducing the ratio of omega-6-to-omega-3 fatty acids in diets of low protein quality on nursery pig growth performance and immune response

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