Intersymbol Interference Penalties for OOK and 4-PAM in Short-range Optical Communications

Szczerba, Krzysztof; Karlsson, Magnus; Andrekson, Peter A.; Larsson, Anders

doi:10.1364/ofc.2013.ow4a.3

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Multilevel modulation such as four‐level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) has the potential to increase throughput in a given bandwidth, at the cost of 3.3 dB worse sensitivity than OOK at the same bit rate [4]. An additional benefit of 4‐PAM is that compared with OOK at the same bit rate, the symbol rate is reduced by half, which reduces the effects of intersymbol interference [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fastest reported link bit rate to date is 56.1 Gbits [3], which was demonstrated in a VCSEL-based link using on-off keying (OOK) with predistortion and a specially developed driver circuit to match the VCSEL. Multilevel modulation such as four-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) has the potential to increase throughput in a given bandwidth, at the cost of 3.3 dB worse sensitivity than OOK at the same bit rate [4]. An additional benefit of 4-PAM is that compared with OOK at the same bit rate, the symbol rate is reduced by half, which reduces the effects of intersymbol interference [4].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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60 Gbits error‐free 4‐PAM operation with 850 nm VCSEL

Szczerba¹,

Westbergh²,

Karlsson³

et al. 2013

Electron. lett.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

60 Gbits error‐free 4‐PAM operation with 850 nm VCSEL

Szczerba¹,

Westbergh²,

Karlsson³

et al. 2013

Electron. lett.

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“…Investigation of the performance of 4-PAM under ISI, [21][22][23] has shown that at a fixed symbol rate and channel rise time the ISI penalty for 4-PAM is twice as large as for OOK. Fig.…”

Section: Data Transmission With 4-pam and Vcselsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-speed optical interconnects with 850nm VCSELS and advanced modulation formats

Szczerba

Lengyel

et al. 2017

SPIE Proceedings

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We present our recent work on high-speed optical interconnects with advanced modulation formats and directly modulated 850 nm VCSELs. Data transmission at nearly 100 Gbps was achieved with 4-PAM. Forward error correction, equalization and preemphasis are also explored. The system aspects of the advanced modulation formats and their impact on the VCSEL requirements are discussed. Requirements on the optical output power, frequency response and the relative intensity noise are discussed. Finally, co-optimization of the VCSELs and VCSEL driver amplifiers in CMOS and InP technologies is discussed.

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“…In high speed, low distance and low power application where the attenuation in the fibre is negligible and high bandwidth needs to be reached, 4‐PAM represent an advantageous alternative to OOK. Nevertheless, increasing the DR of OOK causes an ISI power penalty increase and the ISI penalty of OOK exceeds the power penalty of M‐PAM [10].…”

Section: ‐Pam Modulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of a 56 Gbit/s 4‐level pulse‐amplitude‐modulation inductor‐less vertical‐cavity surface‐emitting laser driver integrated circuit in 130 nm BiCMOS technology

Belfiore¹,

Szilágyi²,

Henker³

et al. 2015

IET Circuits, Devices & Systems

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This paper presents the design and analysis of a 4-level pulse-amplitude-modulation (4-PAM) 56 Gbit/s vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) driver integrated circuit (IC) for short range, high speed and low power optical interconnections. An amplitude modulated signal is necessary to overcome the bottleneck of speed given by the actual VCSELs and decrease the power consumption per bit. A prototype IC is developed in a standard 130 nm BiCMOS technology. The circuit converts two single-ended input signals to a 4-level signal fed to the laser. The driver also provides the DC current and the voltage necessary to bias the VCSEL. The power dissipation of the driver is only 115 mW including both the VCSEL and the 50 Ω input single-to-differential-ended converters. To the author's knowledge this is the first 56 Gbit/s 4-PAM laser driver implemented in silicon with a power dissipation per data-rate (DR) of 2.05 mW/Gbit/s including the VCSEL making it the most power efficient, 56 Gbit/s, common cathode laser driver. The active area occupies 0.056 mm 2. The small signal bandwidths are 49 GHz for the high and 43 GHz for the low amplitude amplification path, when the VCSEL is not connected. The bit error rate was tested electrically showing and error free connection at 28 GBaud/s.

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Intersymbol Interference Penalties for OOK and 4-PAM in Short-range Optical Communications

Abstract: Intersymbol interference penalties of OOK and 4-PAM were compared in the context of short-range optical links with directly modulated VCSELs. The maximum achieved bit rate with 4-PAM was 38 Gbps and 32 Gbps with OOK.

Cited by 6 publications

References 4 publications

60 Gbits error‐free 4‐PAM operation with 850 nm VCSEL

60 Gbits error‐free 4‐PAM operation with 850 nm VCSEL

High-speed optical interconnects with 850nm VCSELS and advanced modulation formats

Design of a 56 Gbit/s 4‐level pulse‐amplitude‐modulation inductor‐less vertical‐cavity surface‐emitting laser driver integrated circuit in 130 nm BiCMOS technology

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